Visuddhimagga XVI-32

 Dukkhaniddesakathā

1.释苦

[THE TRUTH OF SUFFERING]

Jātiniddeso

[(i) BIRTH]

Seyyathidaṃ, ayañhi jāti-saddo anekattho. Tathā hesa ‘‘ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo’’ti (dī. ni. 1.244; pārā. 12) ettha bhave āgato. ‘‘Atthi, visākhe, nigaṇṭhā nāma samaṇajātī’’ti (a. ni. 3.71) ettha nikāye. ‘‘Jāti dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitā’’ti (dhātu. 71) ettha saṅkhatalakkhaṇe. ‘‘Yaṃ mātukucchismiṃ paṭhamaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ, paṭhamaṃ viññāṇaṃ pātubhūtaṃ, tadupādāya sāvassa jātī’’ti (mahāva. 124) ettha paṭisandhiyaṃ. ‘‘Sampatijāto, ānanda, bodhisatto’’ti (ma. ni. 3.207) ettha pasūtiyaṃ. ‘‘Akkhitto anupakuṭṭho jātivādenā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.331) ettha kule. ‘‘Yatohaṃ, bhagini, ariyāya jātiyā jāto’’ti (ma. ni. 2.351) ettha ariyasīle.

（1）「生是苦」这「生」字亦有多义。例如：（一）「一生、二生」，是说有（生）的意思；（二）「毗舍佉，有沙门生（种）名尼犍陀」，是作部类之意；（三）「生为二蕴所摄」，是作有为相之意；（四）「于母胎中，初心生起，初识现前，由此名为他的生」，是作结生的意思；[PTS 499]（五）「阿难！菩萨正在生」是作出生之意；（六）「关于他们生说（系统说）是无可轻视无可责难的」是作家族之意；（七）「姊姊！从那时起，我便以圣生而生」，是作圣戒的意思。

Ñ(XVI,32): Now this word birth (jāti) has many meanings. For in the passage '[He recollects...] one birth (jāti), two births' (D.i,81) it is becoming. In the passage 'Visākhā, there is a kind (jāti) of ascetics called Nigaṇṭhas (Jains)' (A.i,206) it is a monastic order. In the passage 'Birth (jāti) is included in two aggregates' (Dhk. 15) it is the characteristic of whatever is formed. In the passage 'His birth is due to the first consciousness arisen, the first cognition manifested, in the mother's womb' (Vin.i,93) it is rebirth-linking. [499] In the passage 'As soon as he was born (sampatijāta), Ānanda, the Bodhisatta ...' (M.iii,123) it is parturition. In the passage 'One who is not rejected and despised on account of birth' (A.iii,152) it is clan. In the passage 'Sister, since I was born with the noble birth' (M.ii,103) it is the noble one's virtue.