Visuddhimagga XVI-43

 Yaṃ pana parato vadhabandhanādīni anubhavantassa uppajjati, idaṃ parūpakkamamūlakaṃ dukkhanti.

（七）其次受别人谋杀捆缚等的苦。这是由于他人所起的苦。

Ñ(XVI,43): And that arising in one who undergoes flogging, imprisonment, etc., at the hands of others is the suffering rooted in others' violence.

Iti imassa sabbassāpi dukkhassa ayaṃ jāti vatthumeva hoti.

如是此生是一切苦的基地。

Ñ: So this birth is the basis for all this suffering.

541. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

所以这样说：

Ñ: Hence this is said:

Jāyetha no ce narakesu satto,

Tattaggidāhādikamappasayhaṃ;

Labhetha dukkhaṃ nu kuhiṃ patiṭṭhaṃ,

Iccāha dukkhāti munīdha jātiṃ.

如果你不生到地狱里面去，

怎么会受那里火烧等难堪的痛苦呢？

所以牟尼说：

这里的生是苦。

Ñ: Now were no being born in hell again

The pain unbearable of scorching fires

And all the rest would then no footing gain;

Therefore the Sage pronounced that birth is pain.

Dukkhaṃ tiracchesu kasāpatoda-

Daṇḍābhighātādibhavaṃ anekaṃ;

Yaṃ taṃ kathaṃ tattha bhaveyya jātiṃ,

Vinā tahiṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā.

在畜生里

要受鞭杖棍棒等许多的痛苦，

难道不生到那里也会有吗？

所以那里的生是苦。

Ñ: Many the sorts of pain that beasts endure

When they are flogged with whips and sticks and goads,

Since birth among them does this pain procure,

Birth there is pain: the consequence is sure.

Petesu dukkhaṃ pana khuppipāsā-

Vātātapādippabhavaṃ vicittaṃ;

Yasmā ajātassa na tattha atthi,

Tasmāpi dukkhaṃ muni jātimāha.

在饿鬼里

便有饥渴热风的种种苦，

不生在那里是没有苦的，

所以牟尼说那生是苦。

Ñ: While ghosts know pain in great variety

Through hunger, thirst, wind, sun and what not too,

None, unless born there, knows this misery;

So birth the Sage declares this pain to be.

Tibbandhakāre ca asayhasīte,

Lokantare yaṃ asuresu dukkhaṃ;

Na taṃ bhave tattha na cassa jāti,

Yato ayaṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā.

在那黑暗极冷的世间中的阿修罗，

是多么苦啊！

不生在那里便不会有那样的苦的，

所以说此生是苦。

Ñ: In the world-interspace, where demons dwell

In searing cold and inspissated gloom,

Is pain requiring birth there for its spell;

So with the birth the pain ensues as well.

Yañcāpi gūthanarake viya mātugabbhe,

Satto vasaṃ ciramato bahi nikkhamañca;

Pappoti dukkhamatighoramidampi natthi,

Jātiṃ vinā itipi jāti ayañhi dukkhā.

有情久住在那如粪的地狱的母胎中，

一旦出来便受可怕的痛苦，

不生在那里是不会有苦的，

所以此生是苦。

Ñ: The horrible torment a being feels on coming out,

When he has spent long months shut up inside the mother's womb—

A hellish tomb of excrement—would never come about

Without rebirth: that birth is pain there is no room for doubt.

Kiṃ bhāsitena bahunā nanu yaṃ kuhiñci,

Atthīdha kiñcidapi dukkhamidaṃ kadāci;

Nevatthi jātivirahena yato mahesi,

Dukkhāti sabbapaṭhamaṃ imamāha jātinti.

更何必多说，

何处何时不有苦？

然而离了生是绝对不会有苦的，

所以大仙说生是第一苦。

Ñ: But why elaborate? At any time or anywhere

Can there exist a painful state if birth do not precede?

Indeed this Sage so great, when he expounded pain, took care

First to declare rebirth as pain, the condition needed there.

Ayaṃ tāva jātiyaṃ vinicchayo.

──先以生的决定说─

Ñ: This, firstly, is the exposition of birth. [502]