Visuddhimagga IV-24

Yo panevaṃ akatādhikāro hoti, tena ācariyasantike uggahitakammaṭṭhānavidhānaṃ avirādhetvā cattāro kasiṇadose pariharantena kasiṇaṃ kātabbaṃ.

1.（四遍过失）（人为之地）若无如是过去世的经验者，则不应违背于亲近阿阇梨时所学习的业处的规定，应该除去四遍的过失而作遍。

[MAKING AN EARTH KASIṆA]

Ñ(IV,24): But when a man has had no such previous practice, he should make a kasiṇa, guarding against the four faults of a kasiṇa and not overlooking any of the directions for the meditation subject learnt from the teacher.

Nīlapītalohitaodātasambhedavasena hi cattāro pathavīkasiṇadosā.

即以青、黄、赤、白的混合为四遍的过失。

Ñ: Now the four faults of the earth kasiṇa are due to the intrusion of blue, yellow, red or white.

Tasmā nīlādivaṇṇaṃ mattikaṃ aggahetvā gaṅgāvahe mattikāsadisāya aruṇavaṇṇāya mattikāya kasiṇaṃ kātabbaṃ.

是故不宜取青等之色的土，应以恒河（河之通名非专指印度之恒河）之泥及如黎明之色的土作遍。[PTS 124]

Ñ: So instead of using clay of such colours, he should make the kasiṇa of clay like that in the stream of the Gaṅgā, which is the colour of the dawn. [124]

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: 'colour of the dawn' is a litter red. Han: Mahāsī Sayādaw used the word aruṇavaṇṇa without translating it into Burmese.

Tañca kho vihāramajjhe sāmaṇerādīnaṃ sañcaraṇaṭṭhāne na kātabbaṃ.

2.（遍的作法）不应在寺院的中央为沙弥等行走之处作遍。

Ñ: And he should make it not in the middle of the monastery in a place where novices, etc., are about

Vihārapaccante pana paṭicchannaṭṭhāne pabbhāre vā paṇṇasālāya vā saṃhārimaṃ vā tatraṭṭhakaṃ vā kātabbaṃ.

当在寺院的边隅隐蔽之处，或山窟或茅庵中而作可移动的或固定的。

Ñ: but on the confines of the monastery in a screened place, either under an overhanging rock or in a leaf hut. He can make it either portable or as a fixture.