Showing posts with label Pāḷi-Chinese-English-04. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pāḷi-Chinese-English-04. Show all posts

Visuddhimagga IV-202

Iti yaṃ catukkanaye dutiyaṃ, taṃ dvidhā bhinditvā pañcakanaye dutiyañceva tatiyañca hoti.

这便是将四种法中的第二种,分为五种法中的第二及第三两种。

Ñ(IV,202): So that which is the second in the fourfold reckoning becomes the second and third in the fivefold reckoning by being divided into two.



Yāni ca tattha tatiyacatutthāni, tāni ca catutthapañcamāni honti. Paṭhamaṃ paṭhamamevāti.

于是四种法中的第三禅成为五种法中的第四禅,第四禅成为第五禅(四种法的初禅即为五种法的初禅)。

Ñ: And those which are the third and fourth in the former reckoning become the fourth and fifth in this reckoning. The first remains the first in each case.



Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge

Samādhibhāvanādhikāre

Pathavīkasiṇaniddeso nāma

Catuttho paricchedo.

为诸善人所喜悦而造的清净道论,于论定的修习中,成就第四品,定名为地遍的解释。

Ñ: The fourth chapter called 'The Description of the Earth Kasiṇa' in the Treatise on the Development of Concentration in the Path of Purification composed for the purpose of gladdening good people.



Visuddhimagga IV-201

Athassa yadā dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vicāramattaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, pītiādīni santato.

自第二禅出定之时,因他的念与正知的观察禅支,仅有伺粗起,而喜等则寂静(现起)。

Ñ(IV,201): Now he emerges from the second jhāna mindful and fully aware; only sustained thought appears gross to him as he reviews the jhāna factors, while happiness, etc., appear peaceful.



Tadāssa oḷārikaṅgappahānāya santaṅgapaṭilābhāya ca tadeva nimittaṃ ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto vuttanayeneva tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ uppajjati.

此时为了舍断粗支,为了获得寂静支,于同一相上(地地)的数数作意,即如前述而第三禅生起。

Ñ: Then, as he brings that same sign to mind as 'earth, earth' again and again with the purpose of abandoning the gross factor and obtaining the peaceful factors, the third jhāna arises in him in the way already described.



Tassa vicāramattameva pahānaṅgaṃ catukkanayassa dutiyajjhāne viya pītiādīni tīṇi samannāgataṅgāni.

此第三禅只以伺为舍断支,犹如四种法中的第二禅,以喜等三种为具备支,

Ñ: Its factor of abandoning is sustained thought only. The three beginning with happiness, as in the second jhāna in the fourfold reckoning, are the factors that it possesses.



Sesaṃ vuttappakārameva.

余者如前说。

Ñ: The rest is as already stated.



Visuddhimagga IV-200

Evamadhigate pana tasmimpi vuttanayeneva pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasinā hutvā paguṇadutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ samāpatti āsannavitakkapaccatthikā, vicārassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā’’ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā dutiyajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya tatiyādhigamāya yogo kātabbo.

(第三禅)如是证得第二禅时,已于前述的五行相中习行自在,并自熟练的第二禅出定,觉得此定依然是近于敌对的寻,因伺粗故禅支亦弱,见此第二禅的过失已,于第三禅寂静作意,取消了第二禅的希求,为证第三禅,当修瑜伽行。

Ñ(IV,200): When this has been obtained in this way, and once he has mastery in the five ways already described, then on emerging from the now familiar second jhāna he can regard the flaws in it in this way: 'This attainment is threatened by the nearness of applied thought, and its factors are weakened by the grossness of sustained thought'. He can bring the third jhāna to mind as quieter and so end his attachment to the second jhāna and set about doing what is needed for attaining the third.



Visuddhimagga IV-199

Athassa yadā paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vitakkamattaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, vicārādayo santato.

自初禅出定之时,因他的念与正知的观察禅支,仅有寻粗起,而伺等则寂静(现起)。

Ñ(IV,199): Now he emerges from the first jhāna mindful and fully aware; and only applied thought appears gross to him as he reviews the jhāna factors, while the sustained thought, etc., appear peaceful.



Tadāssa oḷārikaṅgappahānāya santaṅgapaṭilābhāya ca tadeva nimittaṃ ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto vuttanayeneva dutiyajjhānaṃ uppajjati.

此时为了舍断他的粗支而获得寂静支,他于同一的相上「地地」的数数作意,即如前述而第二禅生起。

Ñ: Then, as he brings that same sign to mind as 'earth, earth' again and again with the purpose of abandoning the gross factor and obtaining the peaceful factors, the second jhāna arises in him in the way already described.



Tassa vitakkamattameva pahānaṅgaṃ.

此第二禅仅以寻为舍断支,

Ñ: Its factor of abandoning is applied thought only.



Vicārādīni cattāri samannāgataṅgāni.

而伺等四种为具备支。

Ñ: The four beginning with sustained thought are the factors that it possesses.



Sesaṃ vuttappakārameva.

余者如前述。

Ñ: The rest is as already stated.



Visuddhimagga IV-198

Pañcakajjhānakathā

90. Pañcakajjhānaṃ pana nibbattentena paguṇapaṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ samāpatti āsannanīvaraṇapaccatthikā, vitakkassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā’’ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā dutiyajjhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā paṭhamajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya dutiyādhigamāya yogo kātabbo.

(五种禅)(第二禅)其次希望于五种禅生起的人,自熟练的初禅出定,觉得此定是近于敌对的五盖,因寻粗故禅支亦弱,见此(初禅的)过失已,[PTS 169] 于第二禅寂静作意,取消了对于初禅的希求,为证第二禅,当作瑜伽行。

[THE FIVEFOLD RECKONING OF JHĀNA]

Ñ(IV,198): When, however, he is developing fivefold jhāna, then, on emerging from the now familiar first jhāna, he can regard the flaws in it in this way: 'This attainment is threatened by the nearness of the hindrances, and its factors are weakened by the grossness of applied thought'. [169] He can bring the second jhāna to mind as quieter and so end his attachment to the first jhāna and set about doing what is needed for attaining the second.



Visuddhimagga IV-197

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘ekaṅgavippahīnaṃ duvaṅgasamannāgata’’nti, tattha somanassassa pahānavasena ekaṅgavippahīnatā veditabbā.

次说「一支舍离,二支具备」。当知舍于喜为一支舍离;

Ñ(IV,197): Then it was said, which abandons one factor, possesses two factors (§183); here the abandoning of the one factor should be understood as the abandoning of joy.



Tañca pana somanassaṃ ekavīthiyaṃ purimajavanesuyeva pahīyati.

同时那喜是在同一过程中的前面的诸速行心中便断了,

Ñ: But that joy is actually abandoned in the first impulsions of the same cognitive series (cf. §185).



Tenassa taṃ pahānaṅganti vuccati.

所以说第四禅的舍断支。

Ñ: Hence it is called its factor of abandoning.



Upekkhāvedanā cittassekaggatāti imesaṃ pana dvinnaṃ uppattivasena duvaṅgasamannāgatatā veditabbā.

舍受与心一境性的二支生起为二支具备。

Ñ: The possession of the two factors should be understood as the arising of the two, namely, equanimity as feeling and unification of mind.



Sesaṃ paṭhamajjhāne vuttanayameva.

余者如初禅中说。

Ñ: The rest is as stated in the case of the first jhāna.



Esa tāva catukkajjhāne nayo.

兹已先说四种禅的修习法。

Ñ: This, in the first place, is according to the fourfold reckoning of jhāna.



Visuddhimagga IV-196

Catutthanti gaṇanānupubbatā catutthaṃ.

第四 ── 照数目的次第为第四;

Ñ(IV,196): Fourth: it is fourth in numerical series;



Idaṃ catutthaṃ samāpajjatītipi catutthaṃ.

或以入定在第四为第四。

Ñ: and it is fourth because it is entered upon fourth.



Visuddhimagga IV-195

Tattha kiñcāpi ayaṃ upekkhā heṭṭhāpi tīsu jhānesu vijjati.

虽然此舍在下面的三禅中也存在,

Ñ(IV,195): Herein, this equanimity exists in the three lower jhānas too;



Yathā pana divā sūriyappabhābhibhavā sommabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā sabhāgāya rattiyā alābhā divā vijjamānāpi candalekhā aparisuddhā hoti apariyodātā, evamayampi tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā appaṭilābhā vijjamānāpi paṭhamādijjhānabhedesu aparisuddhā hoti.

譬如日间虽亦存在的新月,但为日间的阳光所夺及不得其喜悦与自己有益而同类的夜,所以不清净不洁白,如是此中舍之新月为寻等敌对法的势力所夺及不得其同分的舍受之夜,虽然存在,但在初等三禅中不得清净。

Ñ: but just as, although a crescent moon exists by day but is not purified or clear since it is outshone by the sun's radiance in the daytime or since it is deprived of the night, which is its ally owing to gentleness and owing to helpfulness to it, so too, this crescent moon of equanimity consisting in specific neutrality exists in the first jhāna, etc., but it is not purified since it is outshone by the glare of the opposing states consisting in applied thought, etc., and since it is deprived of the night of equanimity-as-feeling for its ally;



Tassā ca aparisuddhāya divā aparisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo aparisuddhāva honti.

因彼等(三禅中的舍)不清净,故俱生的念等亦不清净。犹如日间不明净的新月一样。

Ñ: and because it is not purified, the conascent mindfulness and other states are not purified either, like the unpurified crescent moon's radiance by day.



Tasmā tesu ekampi ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’nti na vuttaṃ.

所以在彼等下禅中,连一种也不能说是「舍念清净」的。

Ñ: That is why no one among these [first three jhānas] is said to have purity of mindfulness due to equanimity.



Idha pana vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavābhāvā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā paṭilābhā ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā ativiya parisuddhā.

可是在此(四禅中)业已不为寻等敌对法的势力所夺,又获得了同分的舍受的夜,故此中舍的新月极其清净。

Ñ: But here this crescent moon consisting in specific neutrality is utterly pure because it is not outshone by the glare of the opposing states consisting in applied thought, etc., and because it has the night of equanimity-as-feeling for its ally.



Tassā parisuddhattā parisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā.

因舍清净故,犹如洁净了的月光,则俱生的念等亦得清净洁白。

Ñ: And since it is purified, the conascent mindfulness and other states are purified and clear also, like the purified crescent moon's radiance.



Tasmā idameva ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’nti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

是故当知只有此第四禅称为「舍念清净」。

Ñ: That, it should be understood, is why only this jhāna is said to have purity of mindfulness due to equanimity.



Visuddhimagga IV-194

89. Upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti upekkhāya janitasatiyā pārisuddhiṃ.

「舍念清净」── 即由舍而生的念的清净。

Ñ(IV,194): And has purity of mindfulness due to equanimity: has purity of mindfulness brought about by equanimity.



Imasmiñhi jhāne suparisuddhā sati, yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi, sā upekkhāya katā, na aññena.

在此禅中念极清净,而此念的清净是因舍所致,非由其它;

Ñ: For the mindfulness in this jhāna is quite purified, and its purification is effected by equanimity, not by anything else.



Tasmā etaṃ ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’nti vuccati.

故说「舍念清净」。

Ñ: That is why it is said to have purity of mindfulness due to equanimity.



Vibhaṅgepi vuttaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ sati imāya upekkhāya visadā hoti parisuddhā pariyodātā. Tena vuccati upekkhāsatipārisuddhī’’ti (vibha. 597).

《分别论》说:「此念由于此舍而清净、遍净、洁白,故说舍念清净」,[PTS 168]

Ñ: Also it is said in the Vibhaṅga: 'This mindfulness is cleared, purified, clarified, by equanimity; hence it is said to have purity of mindfulness due to equanimity (Vbh. 261). [168]



Yāya ca upekkhāya ettha satiyā pārisuddhi hoti, sā atthato tatramajjhattatātiveditabbā.

当知使念清净的舍,是中立之义,

Ñ: And the equanimity due to which there comes to be this purity of mindfulness should be understood as specific neutrality in meaning.



Na kevalañcettha tāya satiyeva parisuddhā, apica kho sabbepi sampayuttadhammā, satisīsena pana desanā vuttā.

这里不仅是念清净。其实一切与念相应之法亦清净。但只以念的题目(包括一切相应法)而说。

Ñ: And not only mindfulness is purified by it here, but also all associated states. However, the teaching is given under the heading of mindfulness.



Visuddhimagga IV-193

Adukkhamasukhanti dukkhābhāvena adukkhaṃ.

「不苦不乐」── 无苦为不苦,

Ñ(IV,193): Which has neither-pain-nor-pleasure: no pain owing to absence of pain;

Notes in Chinese translation: 「不苦不乐」(adukkhamasukha),在《解脱道论》中的解说为:「不苦不乐受者,意不摄受,心不弃舍,此谓不苦不乐受。不苦不乐受者,何相、何味、何起、何处?中间为相,住中为味,除是起,喜灭是处」。



Sukhābhāvena asukhaṃ.

无乐为不乐,

Ñ: no pleasure owing to absence of pleasure (bliss).



Etenettha dukkhasukhapaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tatiyavedanaṃ dīpeti, na dukkhasukhābhāvamattaṃ.

以此(不苦不乐之语)是表示此中的乐与苦的对治法的第三受,不只是说苦与乐的不存在而已。

Ñ: By this he indicates the third kind of feeling that is in opposition both to pain and to pleasure, not the mere absence of pain and pleasure.



Tatiyavedanā nāma adukkhamasukhā, upekkhātipi vuccati.

第三受即指不苦不乐的舍而言。

Ñ: This third kind of feeling named 'neither-pain-nor-pleasure' is also called 'equanimity'.



Sā iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītānubhavanalakkhaṇā, majjhattarasā, avibhūtapaccupaṭṭhānā, sukhadukkhanirodhapadaṭṭhānāti veditabbā.

以反对可意与不可意的经验为相,中立为味(作用),不明显(的态度)为现起(现状),乐的灭为足处(近因)。

Ñ: It has the characteristic of experiencing what is contrary to both the desirable and the undesirable. Its function is neutral. Its manifestation is unevident. Its proximate cause should be understood as the cessation of pleasure (bliss).



Visuddhimagga IV-192

Yathā vā aññattha pahīnāpi sakkāyadiṭṭhiādayo tatiyamaggassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ tattha pahīnāti vuttā, evaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthampetassa jhānassetā idha vuttātipi veditabbā.

或如身见等是在他处舍断的,但为了赞叹第三道(阿那含向)亦在那里说舍;如是为了赞叹第四禅,所以彼等亦在这里说。

Ñ(IV,192): Or alternatively, just as, although mistaken view of individuality, etc., have already been abandoned in the earlier paths, they are nevertheless mentioned as abandoned in the description of the third path for the purpose of recommending it (cf. §155), so too these kinds of feeling can be understood as mentioned here for the purpose of recommending this jhāna.



Paccayaghātena vā ettha rāgadosānamatidūrabhāvaṃ dassetumpetā vuttāti veditabbā.

或以缘的破灭而示第四禅中的极其远离于贪瞋,故于此处说。

Ñ: Or alternatively, they can be understood as mentioned for the purpose of showing that greed and hate are very far away owing to the removal of their conditions;



Etāsu hi sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo, somanassaṃ rāgassa.

即于此等之中;乐为喜的缘,喜为贪的缘,

Ñ: for of these, pleasure (bliss) is a condition for joy, and joy for greed;



Dukkhaṃ domanassassa paccayo, domanassaṃ dosassa.

苦为忧的缘,忧为瞋的缘,

Ñ: pain is a condition for grief and grief for hate.



Sukhādighātena cassa sappaccayā rāgadosā hatāti atidūre hontīti.

由于乐等的破灭,则四禅的贪瞋与缘俱灭,故为极远离。

Ñ: So with the removal of pleasure (bliss), etc., greed and hate are very far away since they are removed along with their conditions.



Visuddhimagga IV-191

Apica adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā paccayadassanatthañcāpi etā vuttāti veditabbā.

其次当知也是为了指示不苦不乐的心解脱之缘而如是说。

Ñ(IV,191): Besides, this may be understood as said in order to show the condition for the neither-painful-nor-pleasant mind-deliverance.



Dukkhappahānādayo hi tassā paccayā.

即是乐与苦等的舍断为不苦不乐的心解脱之缘。

Ñ: For the abandoning of [bodily] pain, etc., are conditions for that,



Yathāha – ‘‘cattāro kho, āvuso, paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā.

即所谓:「贤者,依四种为入不苦不乐的心解脱之缘。

Ñ: according as it is said: There are four conditions, friend, for the attainment of the neither-painful-nor-pleasant mind-deliverance.



Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

贤者,兹有比丘舍于乐故(舍于苦故,先已灭喜与忧故,以不苦不乐舍念清净故),第四禅具足住。

Ñ: Here, friend, with the abandoning of pleasure and pain and with the previous disappearance of joy and grief a bhikkhu enters upon and dwells in the fourth jhāna ... equanimity.



Ime khvāvuso, cattāro paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.458).

贤者,这便是四种为入不苦不乐的心解脱之缘」。

Ñ: These are the four conditions for the attainment of the neither-painful-nor-pleasant mind-deliverance' (M.i,296).



Visuddhimagga IV-190

Etthāha ‘‘athevaṃ tassa tassa jhānassupacāre pahīnāpi etā vedanā idha kasmā samāhaṭā’’ti?

(问)若像这样的在彼彼诸禅的近行中舍断此等诸受,为什么要在这里总合的说出?

Ñ(IV,190): Here it may be asked: Then if these kinds of feeling are abandoned in the access in this way, why are they brought in here?



Sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ.

(答)为了容易了解之故。

Ñ: It is done so that they can be readily grasped.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: The words 'readily grasped' means 'easily understood'.



Yā hi ayaṃ adukkhamasukhanti ettha adukkhamasukhā vedanā vuttā, sā sukhumā duviññeyyā na sakkā sukhena gahetuṃ, tasmā yathā nāma duṭṭhassa yathā vā tathā vā upasaṅkamitvā gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa goṇassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ gopo ekasmiṃ vaje sabbā gāvo samāharati, athekekaṃ nīharanto paṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ ‘‘ayaṃ so gaṇhatha na’’nti tampi gāhayati, evameva bhagavā sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ sabbā etā samāhari.

因为这里的「不苦不乐」即是说不苦不乐受,深微难知,不易了解。譬如用了种种方法向此向彼亦不能去捕捉的凶悍的牛,牧者为了易于捕捉,把整群的牛都集合到牛栏里去,[PTS 167] 然后一一的放出,等此(凶悍的牛)亦依次出来时,他便喊道:「捉住它!」这便捉住了。世尊亦然,为令易于了解,把一切受总合的说出。

Ñ: For the neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling described here by the words 'which has neither-pain-nor-pleasure' is subtle, hard to recognize and not readily grasped. So just as, when a cattleherd(Gopa) wants to catch a refractory ox that cannot be caught at all by approaching it, he collects all the cattle into one pen [167] and lets them out one by one, and then [he says] 'That is it; catch it', and so it gets caught as well, so too the Blessed One has collected all these [five kinds of feeling] together so that they can be grasped readily;

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [he says => saying]; [it gets = gets it].



Evañhi samāhaṭā etā dassetvā yaṃ neva sukhaṃ na dukkhaṃ na somanassaṃ na domanassaṃ, ayaṃ adukkhamasukhā vedanāti sakkā hoti esā gāhayituṃ.

即是总合的指示诸受之后而说非乐非苦非喜非忧,此即不苦不乐受,于是便甚容易了解。

Ñ: for when they are shown collected together in this way, then what is not [bodily] pleasure (bliss) or [bodily] pain or [mental] joy or [mental] grief can still be grasped in this way: 'This is neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling'.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: The word 'This' means the 4th Jhāna.



Visuddhimagga IV-189

Tathā tatiyajjhānupacāre pahīnassāpi sukhindriyassa pītisamuṭṭhānapaṇītarūpaphuṭakāyassa siyā uppatti, na tveva tatiyajjhāne.

次于第三禅的近行中,虽然舍断乐根,但由喜所起的胜色遍满之身,乐根可能生起的,第三禅的安止定则不然,

Ñ(IV,189): Likewise in the third-jhāna access there could be realising of the abandoned [bodily] pleasure faculty in one whose body was pervaded by the superior materiality originated by the [consciousness associated with the] happiness. But not so in the third jhāna itself.



Tatiyajjhāne hi sukhassa paccayabhūtā pīti sabbaso niruddhāti.

因在第三禅中对于乐之缘的喜业已灭尽故。

Ñ: For in the third jhāna the happiness that is a condition for the [bodily] bliss (pleasure) has ceased entirely.



Tathā catutthajjhānupacāre pahīnassāpi somanassindriyassa āsannattā appanāppattāya upekkhāya abhāvena sammā anatikkantattā ca siyā uppatti, na tveva catutthajjhāne.

于第四禅的近行中,虽然舍断喜根,但仍近(于喜根)故,因为未曾以证安止定的舍而正越(喜根),故喜根是可能生起的,但第四禅(的安止)中则决不生起喜根。

Ñ: Likewise in the fourth-jhāna access there could be realising of the abandoned [mental] joy faculty because of its nearness and because it has not been properly surmounted owing to the absence of equanimity brought to absorption strength. But not so in the fourth jhāna itself.



Tasmā eva ca etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatīti tattha tattha aparisesaggahaṇaṃ katanti.

是故说「生起苦根于此(初禅)灭尽」及采用彼彼(二禅至四禅)(灭)「尽」之说。

Ñ: And that is why in each case (§186) the words 'without remainder' are included thus: 'It is here that the arisen pain faculty ceases without remainder'.



Visuddhimagga IV-188

Nānāvajjaneyeva ca dutiyajjhānupacāre pahīnassa domanassindriyassa yasmā etaṃ vitakkavicārapaccayepi kāyakilamathe cittupaghāte ca sati uppajjati.

其次在(未达安止定)有种种转向的第二禅的近行中,虽然舍断忧根,但因寻伺之缘而遇身的疲劳及心的苦恼之时,则忧根可能生起,

Ñ(IV,188): And during the second-jhāna access too, which has multiple adverting, there could be realising of the [mental] grief faculty, although it had already ceased there, because it arises when there is bodily weariness and mental vexation, which have applied thought and sustained thought as their condition,

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [multiple => different].



Vitakkavicārābhāve ca neva uppajjati.

若无寻伺则不生起,

Ñ: but it does not arise when applied and sustained thought are absent.



Yattha pana uppajjati, tattha vitakkavicārabhāve, appahīnā eva ca dutiyajjhānupacāre vitakkavicārāti tatthassa siyā uppatti, na tveva dutiyajjhāne, pahīnapaccayattā.

忧根生起之时,必有寻伺。在二禅的近行中是不断寻伺的,所以那里可能有忧根生起,但在二禅的安止中则不然,因为已断忧根生起之缘故。

Ñ: When it arises, it does so in the presence of applied and sustained thought, and they are not abandoned in the second-jhāna access; but this is not so in the second jhāna itself because its conditions are abandoned there.



Visuddhimagga IV-187

Tathā hi nānāvajjane paṭhamajjhānupacāre niruddhassāpi dukkhindriyassa ḍaṃsamakasādisamphassena vā visamāsanupatāpena vā siyā uppatti, na tveva antoappanāyaṃ.

(未达安止定)而在种种转向的初禅近行中,虽灭苦根,若遇为蚊虻等所啮或为不安的住所所痛苦,则苦根可能现起的,但在安止定内则不然;

Ñ(IV,187): For accordingly, during the first jhāna access, which has multiple adverting, there could be realising of the [bodily] pain faculty due to contact with gadflies, flies, etc. or the discomfort of an uneven seat, though that pain faculty had already ceased, but not so during absorption.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [multiple => different]; the words '[bodily] pain faculty' simply means pain.



Upacāre vā niruddhampetaṃ na suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti, paṭipakkhena avihatattā.

或是于近行中虽然亦灭,但非善灭苦根,因为不是由他的对治法(乐)所破灭之故。

Ñ: Or else, though it has ceased during access, it has not absolutely ceased there since it is not quite beaten out by opposition.



Antoappanāyaṃ pana pītipharaṇena sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hoti, sukhokkantakāyassa ca suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti dukkhindriyaṃ, paṭipakkhena vihatattā.

然而在安止定中,由于喜的遍满,全身沉于乐中,以充满于乐之身则善灭苦根,因为是由他的对治法所破灭之故。

Ñ: But during absorption the whole body is showered with bliss owing to pervasion by happiness. And the pain faculty has absolutely ceased in one whose body is showered with bliss, since it is beaten out then by opposition.



Visuddhimagga IV-186

Yadi panetāni tassa tassa jhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyanti, atha kasmā ‘‘kattha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati, idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehipi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ettha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Kattha cuppannaṃ domanassindriyaṃ sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati, idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettha cuppannaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.510) evaṃ jhānesveva nirodho vuttoti?

如果这苦忧等是在那样的近行中而舍断,那么:「生起苦根,何处灭尽?诸比丘,兹有比丘,离于诸欲……初禅具足 ── 即生起苦根于彼初禅灭尽。生起忧根……乐根……喜根,何处灭尽?诸比丘,兹有比丘,舍断于乐故……第四禅具足住 ── 即生起喜根 [PTS 166] 于彼第四禅灭尽」。依此经文为什么仅说于诸禅(的安止定)中灭尽呢?

Ñ(IV,186): But if these are only abandoned at the moments of access of the several jhānas, why is their cessation said to take place in the jhāna itself in the following passage: 'And where does the arisen pain faculty cease without remainder? Here, bhikkhus, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unprofitable things, a bhikkhu enters upon and dwells in the first jhāna, which is ... born of seclusion. It is here that the arisen pain faculty ceases without remainder.... Where does the arisen grief faculty [cease without remainder? ... in the second jhāna] ... Where does the arisen pleasure faculty [cease without remainder? ... in the third jhāna] ... Where does the arisen joy faculty cease without remainder? [166] Here, bhikkhus, with the abandoning of pleasure and pain [and with the previous disappearance of joy and grief] a bhikkhu enters upon and dwells in the fourth jhāna, which ... has mindfulness purified by equanimity. It is here that the arisen joy faculty ceases without remainder' (S.v,213-15).



Atisayanirodhattā.

(答)这是完全灭了的缘故,

Ñ: It is said in that way there referring to reinforced cessation.



Atisayanirodho hi nesaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīsu, na nirodhoyeva.

即彼等在初禅等的安止定中完全灭了,不是仅灭而已,

Ñ: For in the first jhāna, etc., it is their reinforced cessation, not just their cessation, that takes place.



Nirodhoyeva pana upacārakkhaṇe, nātisayanirodho.

在近行剎那中只是灭,不是全灭。

Ñ: At the moment of access it is just their cessation, not their reinforced cessation, that takes place.



Visuddhimagga IV-185

Kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hotīti.

然而那些(乐苦喜忧)是什么时候断的呢?

Ñ(IV,185): But when does the abandoning of these take place?



Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe.

即是于四种禅的近行剎那。

Ñ: At the moment of access of the four jhānas.



Somanassañhi catutthajjhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyati.

那喜是在第四禅近行剎那断的,

Ñ: For [mental] joy is only abandoned at the moment of the fourth-jhāna access,



Dukkhadomanassasukhāni paṭhamadutiyatatiyajjhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇesu.

苦忧乐是在第一第二第三(禅)的近行剎那中次第即断,

Ñ: while [bodily] pain, [mental] grief, and [bodily] bliss (pleasure) are abandoned respectively at the moments of access of the first, second, and third jhānas.



Evametesaṃ pahānakkamena avuttānampi indriyavibhaṅge pana indriyānaṃ uddesakkameneva idhāpi vuttānaṃ sukhadukkhasomanassadomanassānaṃ pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ.

但《分别论》的根分别(indriya-vibhaṅga)中,表示诸根的顺序,仅作乐苦喜忧的舍断这样说。

Ñ: So although the order in which they are abandoned is not actually mentioned, nevertheless the abandoning of the pleasure, pain, joy, and grief, is stated here according to the order in which the faculties are summarized in the Indriya Vibhaṅga (Vbh. 122).



Visuddhimagga IV-184

88. Tattha sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānāti kāyikasukhassa ca kāyikadukkhassa ca pahānā.

此中「由断乐及断苦故」,即断了身的乐及身的苦。

Ñ(IV,184): Herein, with the abandoning of pleasure and pain: with the abandoning of bodily pleasure and bodily pain.



Pubbevāti tañca kho pubbeva, na catutthajjhānakkhaṇe.

「先已」是在那以前已灭,不是在第四禅的剎那。

Ñ: With the previous: which took place before, not in the moment of the fourth jhāna.



Somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāti cetasikasukhassa ca cetasikadukkhassa cāti imesampi dvinnaṃ pubbeva atthaṅgamā, pahānā icceva vuttaṃ hoti.

「灭喜忧故」即是指心的乐与心的苦二者先已灭故、断故而说的。

Ñ: Disappearance of joy and grief: with the previous disappearance of the two, that is, mental bliss (pleasure) and mental pain; with the abandoning, is what is meant.



Visuddhimagga IV-183

Ettāvatā cesa sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati (dī. ni. 1.232; dha. sa. 165).

上面的修行者,「由断乐及由断苦故,并先已灭喜忧故,不苦不乐故,舍念清净,第四禅具足住」。

[THE FOURTH JHĀNA]

Ñ(IV,183): And at this point, 'With the abandoning of pleasure and pain and with the previous disappearance of joy and grief he enters upon and dwells in the fourth jhāna, which has neither-pain-nor-pleasure and has purity of mindfulness due to equanimity' (Vbh. 245),

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: The words 'the previous' means preliminary stages.



Evamanena ekaṅgavippahīnaṃ duvaṅgasamannāgataṃ tividhakalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.

如是一支舍断,二支具备,有三种善,十相成就,证得地遍的第四禅。

Ñ: and so he has attained the fourth jhāna, which abandons one factor, possesses two factors, is good in three ways, possesses ten characteristics, and is of the earth kasiṇa.



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Acknowledgment: Thanks to Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) and Venerable Nyanatusita for allowing me to use the English translation of the Visuddhimagga (The Path Of Purification) by Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa, translated from the Pāḷi by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, as part of a combined Chinese English translation.

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