Visuddhimagga XVI-31

 537. Jātiādīnaṃ nicchayāti ye te ariyasaccāni niddisantena bhagavatā ‘‘jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā’’ti (vibha. 190) dukkhaniddese dvādasa dhammā, ‘‘yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī. Seyyathidaṃ, kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā’’ti (vibha. 203) samudayaniddese tividhā taṇhā, ‘‘yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo’’ti (vibha. 204) evaṃ nirodhaniddese atthato ekameva nibbānaṃ, ‘‘katamaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ, ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti (vibha. 205) evaṃ magganiddese aṭṭha dhammāti iti catunnaṃ saccānaṃ niddese jātiādayo dhammā vuttā, tesaṃ jātiādīnaṃ nicchayāpi ettha vinicchayo veditabbo.

（八）「以生等的决定」，即在四圣谛的解释中，世尊解释诸圣谛，曾说生等诸法，所以这里当以生等的决定而知四谛的抉择。一、释苦有十二法：「（1）生是苦、（2）老是苦、（3）死是苦、（4）愁、（5）悲、（6）苦、（7）忧、（8）恼是苦、（9）怨憎会是苦、（10）爱别离是苦、（11）求不得是苦、（12）略说五取蕴是苦」。二、释集，有三法：「此爱能取再有（生），与喜贪俱，处处而求欢乐，即所谓（1）欲爱、（2）有爱、（3）无有爱」。三、释灭，只一涅盘法而依如是之义：「即彼前述之爱的（消灭）无余离贪、灭、舍离、放弃、解脱、无执着（无阿赖耶）」。四、释道，有八法：「何者是导至苦灭之道圣谛？即八支圣道。所谓（1）正见……乃至……（8）正定」。

Ñ(XVI,31): 8. As to expounding birth and so on: the exposition should be understood here in accordance with the expositions of the things beginning with birth given by the Blessed One when describing the Four Noble Truths, that is to say, (i) the twelve things in the description of suffering: 'Birth is suffering, ageing is suffering, death is suffering, sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief, and despair are suffering, association with the unloved is suffering, separation from the loved is suffering, not to get what one wants is suffering, in short, the five aggregates [as objects] of clinging are suffering' (Vbh. 99); and (ii) the threefold craving in the description of origin: 'That craving which produces further becoming, is accompanied by delight and greed, delighting in this and that, that is to say, craving for sense desires, craving for becoming, craving for non-becoming' (Vbh. 101); and (iii) nibbana, which has one meaning only, in the description of cessation: 'That which is the remainderless fading away and cessation of that same craving, giving it up, relinquishing it, letting it go, not relying on it' (Vbh. 103); and (iv) the eight things in the description of the path: 'What is the noble truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering? It is this Noble Eightfold Path, that is to say, right view, right thinking, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration' (Vbh. 104).