Visuddhimagga XVI-16

530. Nibbacanalakkhaṇādippabhedatoti ettha pana nibbacanato tāva idha du-iti ayaṃ saddo kucchite dissati.

（二）「以分解」「以分解及相等各别」的句子中，先「以分解」说：「堕肯」（苦）──「堕」的音是表示厌恶的意思，

Ñ(XVI,16): 2. As to derivation, 3. division by character, et cetera: here, however, firstly 'as to derivation' [of the word dukkha (suffering):] the word du ('bad') is met with in the sense of vile (kucchita);

Kucchitaṃ hi puttaṃ dupputtoti vadanti.

如人说厌恶的儿子为「堕补多」（恶子）。

Ñ: for they call a vile child a du-putta ('bad child').

Khaṃ-saddo pana tucche.

其次「肯」的音是空的意思，

Ñ: The word kham ('-ness'), however is met with in the sense of empty (tuccha),

Tucchaṃ hi ākāsaṃ ‘‘kha’’nti vuccati.

如说虚空为「肯」。

Ñ: for they call empty space ikham'.

Idañca paṭhamasaccaṃ kucchitaṃ anekaupaddavādhiṭṭhānato.

而此第一苦谛，因为是许多危难的住处，所以是厌恶；

Ñ: And the first truth is vile because it is the haunt of many dangers,

Tucchaṃ bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahitato.

又因为缺乏那愚人所思惟的常、净、乐、我之性，所以是空。

Ñ: and it is empty because it is devoid of the lastingness, beauty, pleasure, and self conceived by rash people.

Tasmā kucchitattā tucchattā ca dukkhanti vuccati.

是以厌恶故，空故，名为「堕肯」（苦）。

Ñ: So it is called dukkhaṃ ('badness' = suffering, pain), because of vileness and emptiness. [495]