Visuddhimagga XIV-191

Apica atikkantahetupaccayakiccaṃ atītaṃ, niṭṭhitahetukiccaṃ aniṭṭhitapaccayakiccaṃ paccuppannaṃ, ubhayakiccaṃ asampattaṃ anāgataṃ.
或以有过的因缘作用的色为过去;已尽因的作用而未尽缘的作用的为现在;未曾达成(因缘)两种作用的为未来。
Ñ(XIV,191): Furthermore, that whose functions of cause and condition have elapsed is past. That whose function of cause is finished and whose function of condition is unfinished is present. That which has not attained to either function is future.


Sakiccakkhaṇe vā paccuppannaṃ, tato pubbe anāgataṃ, pacchā atītaṃ.
或者在行其自作用(地能坚持等)的剎那为现在;从此前面的为未来;在后面的为过去。
Ñ: Or alternatively, the moment of the function is present. At a time previous to that it is future. At a time subsequent to that it is past.


Ettha ca khaṇādikathāva nippariyāyā. Sesā sapariyāyā.
这里只有剎那等说是非差别的(正义),余者(世、相续、时)是差别的(借喻的)。
Ñ: And here only the explanations beginning with the moment are absolutely literal. The rest are in a figurative [or relative] sense.



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Acknowledgment: Thanks to Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) and Venerable Nyanatusita for allowing me to use the English translation of the Visuddhimagga (The Path Of Purification) by Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa, translated from the Pāḷi by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, as part of a combined Chinese English translation.

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