Visuddhimagga I-25

Sīlappabhedakathā

五、戒有几种

(v) HOW MANY KINDS OF VIRTUE ARE THERE?

10. Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ katividhaṃ cetaṃ sīlanti, tatridaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Sabbameva tāva idaṃ sīlaṃ attano sīlanalakkhaṇena ekavidhaṃ.

现在来解答戒有几种的问题：

（一）先依一切戒自己的戒相为一种。

Ñ(I,25): (v) Now here is the answer to the question, HOW MANY KINDS OF VIRTUE ARE THERE?

1. Firstly all this virtue is of one kind by reason of its own characteristic of composing.

Cārittavārittavasena duvidhaṃ. Tathā ābhisamācārikaādibrahmacariyakavasena, viratiavirativasena, nissitānissitavasena, kālapariyantaāpāṇakoṭikavasena, sapariyantāpariyantavasena, lokiyalokuttaravasena ca.

（二）（1）依作持、止持有二种，（2）如是依等正行、初梵行，（3）离、不离，（4）依止、不依止，（5）时限、终身，（6）有限制、无限制，（7）世间及出世间有二种。

Ñ: 2. It is of two kinds as keeping and avoiding.

3. Likewise as that of good behaviour and that of the beginning of the life of purity,

4. As abstinence and non-abstinence,

5. As dependent and independent,

6. As temporary and lifelong,

7. As limited and unlimited,

8. As mundane and supramundane.

Tividhaṃ hīnamajjhimapaṇītavasena. Tathā attādhipateyyalokādhipateyyadhammādhipateyyavasena, parāmaṭṭhāparāmaṭṭhapaṭippassaddhivasena, visuddhāvisuddhavematikavasena, sekkhāsekkhanevasekkhanāsekkhavasena ca.

[PTS Page 011]（三）（1）依下、中、上有三种，（2）如是依我增上、世间增上、法增上，（3）执取、不执取、安息，（4）清净、不清净、疑惑，（5）学、无学及非学非无学等有三种。

Ñ: [11]

9. It is of three kinds as inferior, medium, and superior.

10. Likewise as giving precedence to self, giving precedence to the world, and giving precedence to the Dhamma (Law),

11. As adhered to, not adhered to, and tranquillized.

12. As purified, unpurified, and dubious.

13. As that of the trainer, that of the non-trainer, and that of the neither-trainer-nor-non-trainer.

Catubbidhaṃ hānabhāgiyaṭhitibhāgiyavisesabhāgiyanibbedhabhāgiyavasena. Tathā bhikkhubhikkhunīanupasampannagahaṭṭhasīlavasena, pakatiācāradhammatāpubbahetukasīlavasena, pātimokkhasaṃvaraindriyasaṃvaraājīvapārisuddhipaccayasannissitasīlavasena ca.

（四）（1）依退分、住分、胜分、决择分有四种，（2）如是依比丘、比丘尼、未具足、在家戒，（3）自然、惯行、法性、宿因戒，（4）别解脱律仪、根律仪、活命遍净、资具依止戒等有四种。

Ñ: 14. It is of four kinds as partaking of diminution[ˌdɪməˈnu:ʃən] , of stagnation, of distinction, of penetration.

15. Likewise as that of bhikkhus, of bhikkhunis, of the not-fully-admitted, of the laity,

16. As natural, customary, necessary, due to previous causes,

17. As virtue of Pātimokkha restraint, of restraint of sense faculties, of purification of livelihood, and that concerning requisites.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [necessary = ingrained]; [due to previous causes = causes in previous life]. Han: Mahāsī Sayādaw used the original Pāḷi words without translating into Burmese (pakati sīla, ācāra sīla, dhammatā sīla, pubbahetuka sīla). My personal opinion is “causes in previous life” is alright, but should think carefully about “ingrained”, because “dhammatā” means a general rule; nature.

Pañcavidhaṃ pariyantapārisuddhisīlādivasena. Vuttampi cetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ ‘‘pañca sīlāni – pariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ, apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ, paripuṇṇapārisuddhisīlaṃ, aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhisīlaṃ, paṭippassaddhipārisuddhisīla’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.37). Tathā pahānaveramaṇīcetanāsaṃvarāvītikkamavasena.

（五）（1）依制限遍净戒等有五种；这在《无碍解道》里说过：「五种戒，即制限遍净戒、无制限遍净戒、圆满遍净戒、无执取遍净戒、安息遍净戒」。（2）如是依断、离、思、律仪、不犯等有五种。

Ñ: 18. It is of five kinds as virtue consisting in limited purification, etc.; for this is said in the Paṭisambhidā: 'Five kinds of virtue: virtue consisting in limited purification, virtue consisting in unlimited purification, virtue consisting in fulfilled purification, virtue consisting in unadhered-to purification, virtue consisting in tranquillized purification' (Ps.i,42).

19. Likewise as abandoning, refraining, volition, restraint, and non-transgression.