Visuddhimagga I-60

Ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ

3.活命遍净戒

(c) The virtue of livelihood purification

16. Idāni indriyasaṃvarasīlānantaraṃ vutte ājīvapārisuddhisīle ājīvahetu paññattānaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānanti yāni tāni ‘‘ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā pāpiccho icchāpakato asantaṃ abhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ ullapati, āpatti pārājikassa.

今于根律仪戒之后而说活命遍净戒。「为活命之因而制定的六种学处」如下：「（一）恶欲者，为欲所败者，为活命因及活命原由，实无所得而说得上人法，犯（第四）波罗夷罪。

Ñ(I,60): (c) Now as regards the virtue of livelihood purification mentioned above next to the virtue of restraint of the faculties(§42), the words of the six precepts announced on account of livelihood mean, of the following six training precepts announced thus: 'With livelihood as cause, with livelihood as reason, one of evil wishes, a prey to wishes, lays claim to a higher than human state that is non-existent, not a fact', the contravention of which is Defeat;

Dic: Contravention = violation. Han: The nearest English meaning of the Burmese translation of 'icchāpakato' is: “afflicted by desires” or “oppressed by desires”. In Burmese translation: [With livelihood as cause (ājīvahetu), the following six (channaṃ) training precepts (sikkhāpadānanti) are announced (paññattānaṃ) thus:] paññatti : [f.] designation; name; concept; idea; a regulation. In such a case, in Burmese, “paññatti” is more forceful. It means it is introduced as a rule or regulation which must be followed.

Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sañcarittaṃ samāpajjati, āpatti saṅghādisesassa.

（二）为活命因及活命原由而作媒介者，犯（第五）僧残罪。

Ñ: 'With livelihood as cause, with livelihood as reason, he acts as go-between', the contravention of which is an offence entailing a Meeting of the Order;

Han: sañcaritta: (nt.) going backwards & forwards, acting as go-between. In a vinaya book it is stated that 227 rules are divided into eight sections in accordance with the penalty assigned by each rule: (1) pārājika, defeat; (2) saṅghādisesassa, formal meeting; (3) aniyata, undetermined; (4) nissaggiya pācittīya, forfeiture and confession; (5) pācittiya, confession, (6) pāṭidesanīya, acknowledgement; (7) sekhiya, training; and (8) adhikaraṇa-samatha, settlement of issues. Three of these terms, though, do not denote penalties. The (3) aniyata rules give directions for judging uncertain cases; the (7) sekhiya rules simply say the trainings to be followed, without assigning a particular penalty for not following them; and the (8) adhikaraṇasamatha rules give procedures to follow in settling issues that may arise in the community. Thus there are only five types of penalty, ranging from permanent expulsion from the Community to simple confession in the presence of another bhikkhu. Penalties derived from the (1) pārājika and (2) saṅghādisesassa rules include thullaccaya (grave offense) and dukkaṭa (wrong doing). -------------------- Han: We will be seeing thullaccaya, (5) pācittiya, (6) pāṭidesanīya, and dukkaṭa offenses as we read along.

Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā ‘yo te vihāre vasati so bhikkhu arahā’ti bhaṇati, paṭivijānantassa āpatti thullaccayassa.

（三）为活命因及活命原由而如是公开的说：『住在某精舍中的那位比丘是阿罗汉』，犯偷兰遮罪（舍堕）。

Ñ: 'With livelihood as cause, with livelihood as reason, he says “A bhikkhu who lives in your monastery is an Arahant”', the contravention of which is a Serious Offence in one who is aware of it;

Dic: vihāra : [m.] an abode; a dwelling place; mode of life; passing the time. vasati : [vas + a] lives; abides; dwells; stays. bhaṇati : [bhaṇ + a] speaks; tells; preaches. paṭivijānāti : [paṭi + vi + ñā + nā] recognizes; knows. Note: 『中文版原文，少了翻译 ‘ājīvakāraṇā ’ - ‘及活命原由’。』 Han: In the Burmese translation it added that the monk is telling the owner of the monastery or his followers like this, with the idea that “that bhikkhu who is staying in your monastery is Arahant” means he himself, as he is staying at that monastery at that time. In other words, he is telling that he is an Arahant, which is not true. Then if the follower is aware of it or believes in it (paṭivijānantassa), the monk has committed (āpatti thullaccayassa).

Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhu paṇītabhojanāni agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.

（四）为活命因及活命原由，无病比丘，为了自己而用意令作美味而食者，犯（第三十九）单堕罪。

Ñ: 'With livelihood as cause, with livelihood as reason, a bhikkhu who is not sick eats superior food that he has ordered for his own use', the contravention of which is an offence Requiring Expiation;

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [superior = rich]; [ordered = asked]; [Expiation = Confession]. Dic: paṇīta : [adj.] excellent; delicious. bhojana : [nt.] food; meal. gilāna (adj.), sick; unwell; a sick person. atta : [m.] soul; oneself. attha : [m.] welfare; gain; wealth; need; want; use; meaning; destruction. (attha pres. 2nd plu. of atthi.) atthāya : [dat. of attha] for the sake of, Kilamatthāya = what for? viññāpeti : [vi + ñā + āpe] informs; teaches; intimates. viññāpetvā : [abs. of viññāpeti] having informed; having taught; having intimated. bhuñjati : [bhuj + ṃ-a] eats; enjoys. Han: I think Sayādaw U Sīlānanda’s suggestions are better than the Ven Ñāṇamoli’s translation of those words pointed out by the Sayādaw. They are in line with the Burmese translation that I have. As a monk, (viññāpetvā) means “ask for” or “beg for”, but not definitely “order”. [The Thai book on Vinaya that I have also translate pācittiyassa as Confession.]

Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhunī paṇītabhojanāni agilānā attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.

（五）为活命因及活命原由，无病比丘尼，为了自己而用意令作美味而食者，犯（第三）悔过罪。

Ñ: 'With livelihood as cause, with livelihood as reason, a bhikkhuni who is not sick eats superior food that she has ordered for her own use', the contravention of which is an Offence Requiring Confession;

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [superior = rich]; [ordered = asked]; [Offence Requiring Confession => Offence Requiring Special Confession].

Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sūpaṃ vā odanaṃ vā agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (pari. 287) evaṃ paññattāni cha sikkhāpadāni, imesaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ.

（六）为活命因及活命原由，无病，但为了自己而用意令作汤或饭 [PTS 023] 而食者，犯恶作罪」。这便是制定的六学处。

Ñ: 'With livelihood as cause, with livelihood as reason, one who is not sick eats curry or boiled rice [23] that he has ordered for his own use', the contravention of which is an Offence of Wrongdoing (Vin.v,146). Of these six precepts.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [ordered = asked]. Dic: sūpa : [m.] curry. odana : [nt.; m.] boiled rice. paññatta : [pp. of paññāpeti] regulated or made a rule; made known; declared; prepared (a set, etc.). sikkhāpada : [nt.] a precept; a religious rule. evaṃ: [adv.] thus; in this way. imaṃ: this, these. Han: The Dictionary translation of the Pāḷi text is [Six precepts are declared in this way. These are the six precepts.] The Burmese translation is also very near to this translation.