Visuddhimagga I-68

Vuttañhetaṃ mahāniddese –

即如《大义释(mahāniddese)》中说：

Ñ(I,68): For this is said in the Mahā-Niddesa:

Dic: vutta : [pp. of vadati] spoken; said; told.

‘‘Katamaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthu?

「什么称为拒绝资具(paccayapaṭisedhana; 以资具受用 paccayapaṭisevana)诡诈事？

Ñ: 'What is the instance of scheming called rejection of requisites(paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ)?

Idha gahapatikā bhikkhuṃ nimantenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi.

今有居士，邀请比丘，以衣服、饮食、住所、医药作供养，

Ñ: Here householders invite bhikkhus [to accept] robes, alms food, resting place, and the requisite of medicine as cure for the sick.

Dic: idha : [adv.] here; in this world or existence. gahapati : [m.] master of a house. nimanteti : [ni + mant + e] invites. piṇḍapāta : [m.] a collection of alms. senāsana : [nt.] lodging; sleeping place. gilāna (adj.), sick; unwell; a sick person. paccaya : [m.] cause; votive; requisite; means; support. gilānapaccaya : [m.] support for the sick. bhesajja : [nt.] medicine. parikkhāra : [nt.] requisite; accessory; equipment; utensil.

So pāpiccho icchāpakato atthiko cīvara…pe… parikkhārānaṃ bhiyyokamyataṃ upādāya cīvaraṃ paccakkhāti. Piṇḍapātaṃ…pe… senāsanaṃ. Gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paccakkhāti.

然彼恶欲者，为欲所败者，因为欲求更多的衣服……等，所以拒绝接受他们所施的衣服、饮食、住所及医药，

Ñ: One who is of evil wishes, a prey to wishes, wanting robes … alms food … resting place … the requisite of medicine as cure for the sick, refuses robes … alms food … resting place … the requisite of medicine as cure for the sick, because he wants more.

Dic: atthika : [adj.] desirous of; seeking for. parikkhāra : [nt.] requisite; accessory; equipment; utensil. bhiyyo : [ind.] exceedingly; more; in a higher degree; repeatedly. kamyatā : [f.] (in cpds.) wish; longing. upādāya : [abs. of upādāti] having grasped; compared with; with reference to. upādiyati : [upa + ā + dā + ya] grasps. ādadāti : [ā + dā + a] takes. paccakkhāti : [pati + ā + khā + a] rejects; refuses; disadvow gives up. Chew: … refuses(paccakkhāti) to accept(upādāya) robes(cīvara) … Han: parikkhārānaṃ bhiyyokamyataṃ upādāya cīvaraṃ paccakkhāti. parikkhārānaṃ = requisites bhiyyo kamyataṃ upādāya = wanting more [with] grasping cīvara = robes paccakkhāti = refuses. Han: wanting more requisites, robes [with] grasping, [he] rejects. Han: It means: He rejects these when offered, so as to get more of these which he wants with grasping. (In Burmese translation also, the Pāḷi word upādāya was not translated.)

So evamāha – ‘kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena cīvarena,

而且这样说：『沙门为什么要用高价衣服？

Ñ: He says: "What has an ascetic to do with expensive robes?

Dic: so : [(nom. sin. of ta), m.] he. ka : [from interrogative pron. kiṃ] who; what; which. samaṇa : [m.] a recluse. mahaggha : [adj.] very costly.

etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo susānā vā saṅkārakūṭā vā pāpaṇikā vā nantakāni uccinitvā saṅghāṭiṃ katvā dhāreyya.

最适合于沙门的是从坟墓、垃圾堆或店前拾集所弃的碎布来作僧伽梨衣(saṅghāṭiṃ)穿。

Ñ: It is proper for an ascetic to gather rags from a chamel ground or from a rubbish heap or from a shop and make them into a patchwork cloak to wear.

Dic: eta : [demons. pron.] that; this. (mas. sing.); takes this form in some cases. yaṃ : [(nt. sing. of ya), adv.] which; whatever thing. adv. because of. sāruppa : [adj.] fit; suitable; proper. susāna : [nt.] cemetery. saṅkārakūṭa : [m.] rubbish heap. pāpaṇika : [m.] a shopkeeper. uccinitvā : [abs. of uccināti] having selected; having chosen; having picked out. uccināti : [u + ci + nā] selects; chooses; picks out. saṅghāṭi : [f.] the upper robe of a Buddhist monk. katvā : [abs. of karoti] having done or made. karoti : [kar + o] does; acts; makes; builds. dhāreti : [dhar + e] bears; holds; wears. Han: "nantakāni" comes from "nantaka" which is the Pāḷi-Burmese Dictionary and PTS Dictionary = (nt.) a shred, rag, worn-out cloth.

Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena piṇḍapātena etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo uñchācariyāya piṇḍiyālopena jīvikaṃ kappeyya.

沙门为什么要用上等的饮食？最适合于沙门的是以行乞一团之食来维持其生命。

Ñ: What has an ascetic to do with expensive alms food? It is proper for an ascetic to get his living by the dropping of lumps [of food into his bowl] while he wanders for gleanings.

Dic: uñchācariyā : [f.] wandering for leaning. uñchā : [f.] anything gathered for sustenance. uñchati : [uch + ṃ-a] seeks alms; gleans. cariyā : [f.] conduct; behaviour. piṇḍiyālopabhojana : [nt.] food received through collecting alms. piṇḍa : [m.] a lump; a lump of food. jīvikaṃ kappeti : gets one's living. kappeti : [kapp + e] prepares; harnesses; trims; considers; makes; leads (one's life). Han: The stem word of mahagghena is mahaggha: [adj.] very costly.

Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena senāsanena, etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo rukkhamūliko vā assa abbhokāsiko vā.

沙门为什么要用上等的住所？最适合于沙门的是在树下或露地而住。

Ñ: What has an ascetic to do with an expensive resting place? It is proper for an ascetic to be a tree-root-dweller or an open-air-dweller.

Dic: rukkhamūlika : [adj.] one who lives at the foot of a tree. assa : [3rd sing. potential] may be. (Dat. and Gen. sing. of ima:) to this; of this. (m.), 1. a horse; 2. a corner. abbhokāsika : [m.] one who lives in the open air. Han: "assa" means "or".

Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo pūtimuttena vā hariṭakīkhaṇḍena vā osadhaṃ kareyyā’ti.

沙门为什么要用高贵的医药？最适合于沙门的是用牛的尿或一片诃梨勒果(hariṭakīkhaṇḍena)作药品』。

Ñ: What has an ascetic to do with an expensive requisite of medicine as cure for the sick. It is proper for an ascetic to cure himself with putrid urine and broken gall nuts(hariṭakīkhaṇḍena)".

Dic: pūtimutta : [nt.] cattle-urine. osadha : [nt.] medicine. kara : [m.] 1. the hand; 2. a ray; 3. a tax; 4. the trunk of an elephant. (adj.), (in cpds.), doing; performing. karoti : [kar + o] does; acts; makes; builds. Chew: It is proper(sāruppaṃ) for an ascetic(samaṇo) to make(kareyyā) putrid urine(pūtimuttena) and broken gall nuts(hariṭakīkhaṇḍena) as medicine(osadhaṃ)". Han: (hariṭakīkhaṇḍena) can be broken up into: harita : [adj.] green; tawny; fresh. (nt.), vegetables; greens. khaṇḍa: [m.] a bit; broken piece; candy. (adj.), broken. In Burmese translation Sayādaw used a nut in Burmese name, which I do not know the English equivalent. I think it can be translated as broken nuts, any nuts.

Tadupādāya lūkhaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāreti, lūkhaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjati, lūkhaṃ senāsanaṃ paṭisevati, lūkhaṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paṭisevati,

于是他便穿粗糙的衣服，吃粗糙的饮食，[PTS 025] 受用粗糙的住所，受用粗糙的医药。

Ñ: Accordingly he wears a coarse robe, eats coarse alms food, [25] uses a coarse resting place, uses a coarse requisite of medicine as cure for the sick.

Dic: upādāya : [abs. of upādāti] having grasped; compared with; with reference to. lūkha : [adj.] rough; coarse; miserable. dhāreti : [dhar + e] bears; holds; wears. paribhuñjati : [pari + bhuj + ṃ-a] eats; uses; enjoys. paṭisevati : [paṭi + sev + a] follows; pursues; practises; indulges in; uses a medicine, etc. Han: I find everything alright in your message. There is only one point to consider. I cannot find Tadupādāya in the Dictionaries, and I am not sure whether it can be broken up to tadu + upādāya. Ven Ñāṇamoli translates it as accordingly. That is very plausible. Burmese translation: “Because he had said the foregoing statements, he had to wear coarse robes, etc.” So I think Ven Ñāṇamoli translation is alright.

tamenaṃ gahapatikā evaṃ jānanti ‘ayaṃ samaṇo appiccho santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho āraddhavīriyo dhutavādo’ti.

使居士们知道了他这样说：『此沙门是少欲知足者，隐居者，不与众杂住者，勤精进者，头陀行者(dhutavādo)』。

Ñ: Then householders think, "This ascetic has few wishes, is content, is secluded, keeps aloof from company, is strenuous, is a preacher of asceticism(dhutavādo)",

Dic: gahapati : [m.] master of a house. evaṃ : [adv.] thus; in this way; (in reply:) yes. jānāti : [ñā + nā] knows; finds out; to be aware. ayaṃ : [(nom. sing. of ima), m.; f.] this person. appiccha : [adj.] easily satisfied; desiring little. santuṭṭha : [pp. of santussati] pleased; happy. santussati : [saṃ + tus + ya] to be contented, pleased, or happy. pavivitta : [adj.] a separated; secluded. asaṃsaṭṭha : [adj.] unmixed. āraddha : [pp. of ārabhati] begun; started; firm. || āraddhā (abs. of ārabhati), having begun or started. ārabhati : [ā + rabh + a] 1. begins; starts; 2. kills; tortures. viriya : [nt.] vigour; energy; effort; strength. dhutavādī : [m.] one who inculcates dhutaṅgas. Han: a preacher of asceticism (dhutavādo). Dhutavādo = dhutaṅga + vādo dhutaṅga : [nt.] an ascetic practice. vāda: [m.] saying (here, preaching)

Bhiyyo bhiyyo nimantenti cīvara…pe… parikkhārehi.

如是他们便常常邀请而供以衣服等受用之物。

Ñ: and they invite him more and more [to accept] robes, alms food, resting places, and the requisite of medicine as cure for the sick.

Dic: bhiyyo : [ind.] exceedingly; more; in a higher degree; repeatedly. nimanteti : [ni + mant + e] invites. parikkhāra : [nt.] requisite; accessory; equipment; utensil.

So evamāha – ‘tiṇṇaṃ sammukhībhāvā saddho kulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati. Saddhāya sammukhībhāvā saddho kulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati. Deyyadhammassa…pe… dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ sammukhībhāvāsaddhokulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati.

他便这样说：『具信善男子，三事现前，必生多福，即有信现前，有所施之物现前，有应施之人现前，具信善男子必生多福。

Ñ: He says: "With three things present a faithful clansman produces much merit: with faith present a faithful clansman produces much merit, with goods to be given present a faithful clansman produces much merit, with those worthy to receive present a faithful clansman produces much merit.

Dic: tiṇṇa (pp. of tarati) crossed over; gone through; one who has reached the final end. tarati : [tar + a] crosses or pass over; to be in a hurry. sammukha : [adj.] face to face with. (loc.) in the presence. || sammukhā (ind.) in front; face to face. bhāva (m.) condition; nature; becoming. saddha : [adj.] believing; faithful; devoted. || saddhā (f.) faith; devotion. kulaputta : [m.] young man of a good family. bahu : [adj.] much; many; plenty; abundant. (plu.) many persons. puñña : [nt.] merit; righteousness. pasavati : [pa + su + a] brings forth; gives birth to; flows; accumulates. dakkhiṇeyya : [adj.] worthy of an offering. Han: deyya-dhammassa = goods to be given. deyya comes from the word dadāti. dadāti: gives; offers; allows; grants; hands over.

Tumhākañcevāyaṃ saddhā atthi, deyyadhammo ca saṃvijjati, ahañca paṭiggāhako, sacehaṃ na paṭiggahessāmi, evaṃ tumhe puññena paribāhirā bhavissanti, na mayhaṃ iminā attho. Apica tumhākaṃyeva anukampāya paṭiggaṇhāmī’ti.

你们便是有信者，并有所施之物在此，又有我是受者。如果我不接受你们的，你们便无福德了。然而我实不需此等东西，但为怜悯你们，只好收受了』。

Ñ: You have faith; the goods to be given are here; and I am here to accept. If I do not accept, then you will be deprived of the merit. That is no good to me. Rather will I accept out of compassion for you".

Dic: tumha : (the second personal pro.) you. atthi : [as + a + ti] to be; to exist. saṃvijjati : [saṃ + vid + ya] to be found; exists; to be agitated or moved. paṭiggāhaka : [m.] one who accept, receives or takes; a recipient. paṭiggaṇhāti : [paṭi + gah + ṇhā] takes; receives; accepts. sace : [ind.] if. evaṃ : [adv.] thus; in this way; (in reply:) yes. tumha : (the second personal pro.) you. paribāhira : [adj.] external or an alien to; outsider. api ca : [ind.] but; further. anukampā : [f.] compassion; pity.

Tadupādāya bahumpi cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti. Bahumpi piṇḍapātaṃ…pe… bhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti.

此后则许多衣服、饮食、住所、医药也都收受了。

Ñ: Accordingly he accepts many robes, he accepts much alms food, he accepts many resting places, he accepts many requisites of medicine as cure for the sick.

Dic: bahu : [adj.] much; many; plenty; abundant. (plu.) many persons.

Yā evarūpā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, idaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū’’ti (mahāni. 87).

谁是这样颦眉、蹙额、诡诈、虚伪、欺诈的，便是称为拒绝资具(paccayapaṭisedhana; 以资具受用 paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ)的诡诈事」。

Ñ: Such grimacing, grimacery, scheming, schemery, schemedness, is known as the instance of scheming called rejection of requisites(paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ)' (Nd.l, 224-25).

Dic: ya : [relative pron.] which; what; whatever. evarūpa : [adj.] such; of such form. bhākuṭika : [adj.] knitting the brows; frowning. kuhanā : [f.] deceit; hypocrisy; fraud. idaṃ : [(Nom. and Acc. sing. of ima) nt.] this thing.