Visuddhimagga III-104

Tattha saṅkhātaniddesatoti cattālīsāya kammaṭṭhānesūti hi vuttaṃ, tatrimāni cattālīsa kammaṭṭhānāni dasa kasiṇā, dasa asubhā, dasa anussatiyo, cattāro brahmavihārā, cattāro āruppā, ekā saññā, ekaṃ vavatthānanti.

（1）「依名称的解释」：是就「四十业处中」而说的。那里的四十业处，即是：十遍、十不净、十随念、四梵住、四无色、一想、一差别。

Ñ(III,104): 1. Herein, as to enumeration: it was said above 'from among the forty meditation subjects' (§28). Herein, the forty meditation subjects are these:

ten kasiṇas (totalities),

ten kinds of foulness,

ten recollections,

four divine abidings,

four immaterial states,

one perception,

one defining.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: The word 'kasiṇa' means all / total, when you look at the kasiṇa, you look the whole disc. Han: Mahāsī Sayādaw did not say anything about it. But the comments by Sayādaw U Sīlānanda is useful. In the Essence of Buddha Abhidhamma by Dr Mehm Tin Mon, it is written as follows. Kasiṇa means ‘whole’, ‘all’, ‘complete’. It is so called because it should be observed wholly or completely in meditation, and also because the light issuing from the conceptualized image is extended to all directions without any limitation. Because it should be observed wholly, the shape of kasiṇa should be circular with its diameter equal to one span and four fingers, i.e. about a foot.