Visuddhimagga IV-87

Evamettha vivicceva kāmehīti iminā kāmacchandassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hoti.

如是这里的「已离诸欲」是说欲欲的镇伏离,

Ñ(IV,87): So in this case it should be understood that seclusion-by-suppression (suspension) of lust is indicated by the phrase quite secluded from sense desires,



Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti iminā pañcannampi nīvaraṇānaṃ, agahitaggahaṇena pana paṭhamena kāmacchandassa, dutiyena sesanīvaraṇānaṃ.

「离诸不善法」一句是说五盖的镇伏离。但为避免重复,则第一句是欲欲(盖)的镇伏离,第二句是其余四盖的镇伏离;

Ñ: and seclusion-by-suppression (suspension) of [all] five hindrances by the phrase secluded from unprofitable things. But omitting repetitions, that of lust is indicated by the first and that of the remaining hindrances by the second.



Tathā paṭhamena tīsu akusalamūlesu pañcakāmaguṇabhedavisayassa lobhassa, dutiyena āghātavatthubhedādivisayānaṃ dosamohānaṃ.

又第一是三种不善根中对五种欲境的贪的镇伏离,第二是对诸九恼事等境的瞋和痴的镇伏离。

Ñ: Similarly with the three unprofitable roots, that of greed, which has the five cords of sense desire (M.i,85) as its province, is indicated by the first, and that of hate and delusion, which have as their respective provinces the various grounds for annoyance (A.iv,408; v,150), etc., by the second.

In Abhidhamma Lectures of Sayādaw U Sīlānanda says: And then having any one of the nine grounds of ill will, nine grounds of grudge, nine grounds of Dosa are causes for these Dosamūla Cittas to arise. There are nine reasons for Dosa to arise.


They are: “He has done harm to me.” Thinking that way, you get angry with that person. “He is doing harm to me,” or “He is going to do harm to me,” if you think in that way, you are going to get angry with that person.


And then, “He has done harm to someone dear to me.” And also “He is doing harm to someone dear to me,” and “He will do harm to someone dear to me.”


The last ones are in regard to a person you dislike. Sometimes we don't want something good to happen to those whom we hate. So here “He has conferred a benefit on someone I dislike or hate.” “He is conferring or he will confer a benefit on someone I dislike.” In thinking that way we get Dosa or Domanassa.


These are called nine grounds of ill will or nine grounds of grudge. They are mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya and also in the Abhidhamma.



Oghādīsu vā dhammesu paṭhamena kāmoghakāmayogakāmāsavakāmupādānaabhijjhākāyaganthakāmarāgasaṃyojanānaṃ, dutiyena avasesaoghayogāsavaupādānaganthasaṃyojanānaṃ.

或者就暴流等诸法说:第一句为欲流、欲轭、欲漏、欲取、贪身系、欲贪结的镇伏离,第二句为其余的暴流、轭、漏、取、系、结的镇伏离。

Ñ: Or with the states consisting of the floods, etc., that of the flood of sense-desires, of the bond of sense-desires, of the canker of sense-desires, of sense-desire clinging, of the bodily tie of covetousness, and of the fetter of greed for sense-desires, is indicated by the first, and that of the remaining floods, bonds, cankers, clingings, ties, and fetters, is indicated by the second.



Paṭhamena ca taṇhāya taṃsampayuttakānañca, dutiyena avijjāya taṃsampayuttakānañca.

又第一句为爱及与爱相应诸法的镇伏离,第二句为无明及与无明相应诸法的镇伏离;

Ñ: Again, that of craving and of what is associated with craving is indicated by the first, and that of ignorance and of what is associated with ignorance is indicated by the second.



Apica paṭhamena lobhasampayuttānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ cittuppādānaṃ, dutiyena sesānaṃ catunnaṃ akusalacittuppādānaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti veditabbo.

亦可以说第一句是与贪相应的八心生起的镇伏离,第二句是其余四不善心生起的镇伏离。

Ñ: Furthermore, that of the eight thought-arisings associated with greed (Ch. XIV, §90) is indicated by the first, and that of the remaining kinds of unprofitable thought-arisings is indicated by the second.



Ayaṃ tāva vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti ettha atthappakāsanā.

这便是对「已离诸欲与离诸不善法」的意义的解释。

Ñ: This, in the first place, is the explanation of the meaning of the words 'quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unprofitable things'.



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Acknowledgment: Thanks to Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) and Venerable Nyanatusita for allowing me to use the English translation of the Visuddhimagga (The Path Of Purification) by Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa, translated from the Pāḷi by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, as part of a combined Chinese English translation.

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