Visuddhimagga XII-21

Aparo nayo, ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi. Upāyasampadāyetamadhivacanaṃ.

另一种解释:神变之意的成就,与方便成就是同义语。

Ñ(XII,21): Another method: success is in the sense of succeeding. That is a term for the effectiveness of the means;



Upāyasampadā hi ijjhati adhippetaphalappasavanato.

因为方便成就而产生效果,故为(所愿)成就。

Ñ: for effectiveness of the means succeeds with the production of the result intended,



Yathāha – ‘‘ayaṃ kho citto gahapati sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, sace paṇidahissati ‘anāgatamaddhānaṃ rājā assaṃ cakkavattī’ti, tassa kho ayaṃ ijjhissati sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.352).

即所谓:「质多居士是具有戒与善法的,如果他希望未来世为转轮王,可随愿而成。因为具戒者的心愿清净故」。

Ñ: according as it is said: 'This householder Citta is virtuous and magnanimous. If he should aspire, "Let me in the future become a Wheel-turning Monarch", being virtuous, he will succeed in his aspiration, because it is purified (S.iv,303).



Visuddhimagga XII-20

Dasaiddhikathā



369. Iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmetīti ettha ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi, nipphattiatthena paṭilābhaṭṭhena cāti vuttaṃ hoti.

「引导其心倾向于神变」,此中以成就为「神变」,即指成功之义及获得之义而说。

Ñ(XII,20): He directs, he inclines, his mind to the kinds of supernormal power (iddhi-vidha—lit. kinds of success): here 'success' (iddhi) is the success of succeeding (ijjhana); in the sense of production, in the sense of obtainment, is what is meant.



Yañhi nipphajjati paṭilabbhati ca, taṃ ijjhatīti vuccati.

因为由于完成及获得而称为成就。

Ñ: For what is produced and obtained is called 'successful',



Yathāha ‘‘kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa cetaṃ samijjhatī’’ti (su. ni. 772).

即所谓「有愿望者而成就他的愿望」。

Ñ: according as it is said, 'When a mortal desires, if his desire is fulfilled' (samijjhati) (Sn. 766),



Tathā ‘‘nekkhammaṃ ijjhatīti iddhi, paṭiharatīti pāṭihāriyaṃ.

成就出离故为神变,因抗拒了敌对。

Ñ: and likewise: 'Renunciation succeeds (ijjhati), thus it is a success (iddhi) … It metamorphoses (paṭiharati) [lust], thus it is a metamorphosis (pāṭihāriya) …



Arahattamaggo ijjhatīti iddhi, paṭiharatīti pāṭihāriya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.32).

成就阿罗汉道故为神变,因抗拒了敌对。

Ñ: The Arahant path succeeds, thus it is a success … It metamorphoses [all defilements], thus it is a metamorphosis' (Ps.ii,229).



Visuddhimagga XII-19

Aparo nayo, catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite.

亦可以另一种方法解说:即以第四禅定而「等持」;

Ñ(XII,19): Another method: It is concentrated by means of fourth-jhāna concentration.



Nīvaraṇadūrabhāvena parisuddhe.

以远离诸盖而「清净」;

Ñ: It is purified by separation from the hindrances.



Vitakkādisamatikkamena pariyodāte.

以超越寻伺等而「洁白」;

Ñ: It is bright owing to the surmounting of applied thought and the rest.



Jhānapaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ icchāvacarānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇe.

以没有为得禅的障碍的恶欲之行故「无秽」;

Ñ: It is unblemished owing to absence of evil wishes based on the obtainment of jhāna.



Abhijjhādīnaṃ cittassa upakkilesānaṃ vigamena vigatūpakkilese.

以离诸贪欲等心的随烦恼故「离随烦恼」。

Ñ: It is rid of defilement owing to the disappearance of the defilements of the mind consisting in covetousness, etc.;



Ubhayampi cetaṃ anaṅgaṇasuttavatthasuttānusārena (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) veditabbaṃ. Vasippattiyā mudubhūte.

而此(无秽及离随烦恼)两者,当知在《无秽经》及《布喻经》中说由于获得自在故「柔软」。

Ñ: and both of these should be understood according to the Anaṅgaṇa Sutta (M. Sutta 5) and the Vattha Sutta (M. Sutta 7). It is become malleable by masterability.



Iddhipādabhāvūpagamena kammaniye.

由于近于神足的状态故「适于作业」。

Ñ: It is wieldy by reaching the state of a road to power (§50).



Bhāvanāpāripūriyā paṇītabhāvūpagamena ṭhite āneñjappatte.

以完成修习而近于微妙的状态故「安住不动」。

Ñ: It is steady and attained to imperturbability by reaching the refinement of completed development;



Yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti, evaṃ ṭhiteti attho.

如成不动即是安住之义。

Ñ: the meaning is that according as it has attained imperturbability so it is steady.



Evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya pādakaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūtanti.

如是具备这八支的心,[PTS 378] 则为(神通的)基础及足处(直接的原因)而适合于以作证神通的诸法而证诸神通。

Ñ: And the consciousness possessing these eight factors in this way [378] is susceptible of being directed to the realization by direct-knowledge of states realizable by direct-knowledge, since it is the basis, the proximate cause, for them.



Visuddhimagga XII-18

Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya.

如是具备这(等持、清净、洁白、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、安住不动)八支的心,则适合于以作证神通的诸法而证诸神通了。

Ñ(XII,18): Consciousness possessing these eight factors in this way is susceptible of being directed to the realization by direct-knowledge of states realizable by direct-knowledge.



Visuddhimagga XII-17

Saddhāpariggahitaṃ hi cittaṃ assaddhiyena na iñjati.

因为以信摄护之心不得为不信所动;

Ñ(XII,17): For consciousness reinforced by faith is not perturbed by faithlessness;



Vīriyapariggahitaṃ kosajjena na iñjati.

以精进摄护之心不得为懈怠所动;

Ñ: when reinforced by energy, it is not perturbed by idleness;



Satipariggahitaṃ pamādena na iñjati.

以念摄护之心不得为放逸所动;

Ñ: when reinforced by mindfulness, it is not perturbed by negligence;



Samādhipariggahitaṃ uddhaccena na iñjati.

以定摄护之心不得为掉举所动;

Ñ: when reinforced by concentration, it is not perturbed by agitation;



Paññāpariggahitaṃ avijjāya na iñjati.

以慧摄护之心不得为无明所动;

Ñ: when reinforced by understanding, it is not perturbed by ignorance;



Obhāsagataṃ kilesandhakārena na iñjati.

以(智)光摄护之心不得为烦恼的黑暗所动。

Ñ: and when illuminated, it is not perturbed by the darkness of defilement.



Imehi chahi dhammehi pariggahitaṃ āneñjappattaṃ hoti.

以此六法摄护成为不动。

Ñ: So when it is reinforced by these six states, it is attained to imperturbability.



Visuddhimagga XII-16

Etesu parisuddhabhāvādīsu ṭhitattā ṭhite.

安立于此等清净性等故为「安住」。

Ñ(XII,16): It is steady because it is steadied in this purifiedness, and the rest.



Ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte, acale niriñjaneti vuttaṃ hoti.

由于安住故「不动」──即不摇无动之义。

Ñ: It is attained to imperturbability (āneñjappatta) precisely because it is steady; it is motionless, without perturbation (niriñjana), is what is meant.



Mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ṭhite.

或者自己以柔软及适于作业的状态而自在安住故「安住」;

Ñ: Or alternatively, it is steady because steady in its own masterability through malleability and wieldiness,



Saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte.

以信等摄护其心故「不动」,

Ñ: and it is attained to imperturbability because it is reinforced by faith, and so on.



Visuddhimagga XII-15

Muduṃ hi cittaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti sudantamiva suvaṇṇaṃ,

因为只有柔软之心才适于作业,犹如经过炉火的黄金相似。

Ñ(XII,15): For a malleable consciousness is wieldy, like well-smelted gold;



tañca ubhayampi subhāvitattāyevāti.

这(柔软和适于作业)二者都是依于心善修习之故,

Ñ: and it is both of these because it is well developed,



Yathāha ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ muduñca hoti kammaniyañca, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, citta’’nti (a. ni. 1.22).

即所谓:「诸比丘!我实未见有其它一法,像心这样的修习多作而成柔软适于作业的」。

Ñ: according as it is said: 'Bhikkhus, I do not see any one thing that, when developed and cultivated, becomes so malleable and wieldy as does the mind' (A.i,9).



Visuddhimagga XII-14

Parisuddhetiādīsu pana upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe.

「清净」等的文句中,以舍念而清净故为「清净」。[PTS 377]

Ñ(XII,14): But as to the words 'purified', etc., it is purified by means of the state of mindfulness purified by equanimity. [377]



Parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte, pabhassareti vuttaṃ hoti.

因清净故即为「洁白」──光洁之义。

Ñ: It is bright precisely because it is purified; it is limpid (see A.i,10), is what is meant.



Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātena vihatarāgādiaṅgaṇattā anaṅgaṇe.

由于破了乐等诸缘而离贪等之秽故为「无秽」。

Ñ: It is unblemished since the blemishes consisting of greed, etc., are eliminated by the removal of their conditions consisting of bliss, and the rest.



Anaṅgaṇattāyeva vigatūpakkilese.

无秽故「离随烦恼」。

Ñ: It is rid of defilement precisely because it is unblemished;



Aṅgaṇena hi taṃ cittaṃ upakkilissati.

即彼心不为秽之染污。

Ñ: for it is by the blemish that the consciousness becomes defiled.



Subhāvitattā mudubhūte, vasībhāvappatteti vuttaṃ hoti.

心善修习,故为「柔软」。即心得自在之义。

Ñ: It has become malleable because it is well developed; it suffers mastery, is what is meant,



Vase vattamānaṃ hi cittaṃ mudunti vuccati.

因以自在活动故说心得柔软。

Ñ: for consciousness that suffers mastery is called 'malleable'.



Muduttāyeva ca kammaniye, kammakkhame kammayoggeti vuttaṃ hoti.

因柔软故「适于作业」──即可作业及合于作业之义。

Ñ: It is wieldy (kammaniya) precisely because it is malleable; it suffers being worked (kammakkhama), is fit to be worked (kammayogga), is what is meant.



Visuddhimagga XII-13

Yathā panettha yogo kātabbo, taṃ vidhiṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādimāha.

(神变修行的方法及引经的解释)世尊曾经指示神变修行的方法说 :「彼如是心得等持,清净洁白无秽离诸随烦恼柔软适于作业安住不动时,引导其心倾向于神变,及证得种种神变。即以一(身)为多(身),多(身)为一(身),显身,隐身,穿壁,穿墙,穿山无有障碍,如行空中,出没地上如在水中,涉水不沈如履地上,趺坐空中而复经行如鸟附翼,日之与月有大神力有大威德手能扪之,虽梵天界身能到达」。

Ñ(XII,13): Now the Blessed One showed how the preparation should be done in saying 'When his concentrated mind', and so on.



368. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷinayānusāreneva vinicchayakathā.

依上面的圣典文句解释而抉择神变之论。

Ñ: Here is the explanation, which follows the text (see §2).



Tattha soti so adhigatacatutthajjhāno yogī.

此中:「彼」──是彼证得第四禅的瑜伽者。

Ñ: Herein, he: is a meditator who has attained the fourth jhāna.



Evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ.

「如是」──是指次第证得此第四禅。

Ñ: Thus: signifies the order in which the fourth jhāna comes;



Iminā paṭhamajjhānādhigamādinā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti.

即是说次第的证得初禅等乃至第四禅。

Ñ: having obtained the fourth jhāna in this order beginning with attaining the first jhāna, is what is meant.



Samāhiteti iminā catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite.

「等持」──是以第四禅而等持。

Ñ: Concentrated: concentrated by means of the fourth jhāna.



Citteti rūpāvacaracitte.

「心」─是色界的心。

Ñ: Mind: fine-material-sphere consciousness.



Visuddhimagga XII-12

Tasmā yathā piḷandhanavikatiṃ kattukāmo suvaṇṇakāro aggidhamanādīhi suvaṇṇaṃ muduṃ kammaññaṃ katvāva karoti,

所以当如金匠,欲作某些装饰品,以吹火等动作令金柔软适业(适于工作),然后作装饰品;

Ñ(XII,12): So just as when a goldsmith wants to make some kind of ornament, he does so only after making the gold malleable and wieldy by smelting it, etc.,



yathā ca bhājanavikatiṃ kattukāmo kumbhakāro mattikaṃ suparimadditaṃ muduṃ katvā karoti,

亦如陶师,欲作某种陶器,捏诸粘土而令柔软然后作诸陶器;

Ñ: and just as when a potter wants to make some kind of vessel, he does so only after making the clay well kneaded and malleable,



evameva ādikammikena imehi cuddasahākārehi cittaṃ paridametvā chandasīsacittasīsavīriyasīsavīmaṃsāsīsasamāpajjanavasena ceva āvajjanādivasībhāvavasena ca muduṃ kammaññaṃ katvā iddhividhāya yogo karaṇīyo.

初学者亦然,以此十四行相调伏其心,以欲为主,以心为主,以精进为主及以观慧为主而入定,以转向等的五自在 ,令心柔软适于工作,修诸神变之行。

Ñ: a beginner too must likewise prepare for the kinds of supernormal powers by controlling his mind in these fourteen ways; and he must do so also by making his mind malleable and wieldy both by attaining under the headings of zeal, consciousness, energy, and inquiry, and by mastery in adverting, and so on.



Pubbahetusampannena pana kasiṇesu catutthajjhānamatte ciṇṇavasināpi kātuṃ vaṭṭati.

然而若具宿世之因的人,亦可仅于诸遍而修第四禅得诸自在。

Ñ: But one who already has the required condition for it owing to practice in previous lives need only prepare himself by acquiring mastery in the fourth jhāna in the kasiṇas.



Visuddhimagga XII-11

Balavapubbayogānaṃ pana buddhapaccekabuddhaaggasāvakādīnaṃ vināpi iminā vuttappakārena bhāvanānukkamena arahattapaṭilābheneva idañca iddhivikubbanaṃ aññe ca paṭisambhidādibhedā guṇā ijjhanti.

但是曾于宿作有力的修行,如佛,辟支佛及诸大声闻等,则可不必经过上述的次第修习,当证得阿罗汉果时,可得成就神变的行动及其它的(四)无碍解等的功德。

Ñ(XII,11): It is only in Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas, chief disciples, etc., who have vast previous endeavour behind them, that this transformation by supernormal power and other such special qualities as the discriminations are brought to success simply with the attainment of Arahantship and without the progressive course of development of the kind just described.



Visuddhimagga XII-10

Khippanisantiyāpi ca sati parassa patiṭṭhābhāvo bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova hoti,

虽得即刻现起神变,但救护他人难,于百人千人中或有一人。

Ñ(XII,10): And helping another after acquiring rapidity in responding is difficult and only one in a hundred or a thousand can so it.



giribhaṇḍavāhanapūjāya mārena aṅgāravasse pavattite ākāse pathaviṃ māpetvā aṅgāravassaparittārako thero viya.

犹如运物至山供养时(giribhaṇḍavāhanapūja) 恶魔骤降火雨,一长老即于空中,化作大地防止火雨。

Ñ: Like the elder who gave protection against the rain of embers by creating earth in the sky, when the rain of embers was produced by Māra at the Giribhaṇḍavāhana offering.

Notes in Chinese translation: 「运物至山供养」(Giribhaṇḍavāhanapūja),山指支提山。这是过去一年一次的大供典。据注解说:自支提山开始,全岛及海,作一由旬的大灯供养。



Visuddhimagga XII-9

Therambatthale mahārohaṇaguttattherassa gilānupaṭṭhānaṃ āgatesu tiṃsamattesu iddhimantasahassesu upasampadāya aṭṭhavassiko rakkhitatthero viya.

即如:在三万具有神变的人来到长老芒果山看摩诃罗哈纳瞿多长老的病,[PTS 376] 其中仅有八岁法腊的(佛)护长老相似。

Ñ(XII,9): Like the Elder Rakkhita who, eight years after his full admission to the Order, was in the midst of thirty thousand bhikkhus possessing supernormal power who had come to attend upon the sickness of the Elder Mahā-Rohaṇa-Gutta at Therambatthala. [376]



Tassānubhāvo pathavīkasiṇaniddese (visuddhi. 1.78 ādayo) vuttoyeva.

关于他的威力已如地遍中说。

Ñ: His feat is mentioned under the earth kasiṇa (Ch. IV, §135).



Taṃ panassānubhāvaṃ disvā thero āha ‘‘āvuso, sace rakkhito nābhavissa sabbe garahappattā assāma ‘nāgarājānaṃ rakkhituṃ nāsakkhiṃsū’ti.

(摩诃罗哈纳瞿多)长老看见了他的威力说道:「诸君!如果(佛)护不在这里的话,则我们都要被责难不能保护龙王了。

Ñ: Seeing his feat, an elder said, 'Friends, if Rakkhita had not been there, we should have been put to shame. [It could have been said] "They were unable to protect the royal nāga."



Tasmā attanā gahetvā vicaritabbaṃ āvudhaṃ nāma malaṃ sodhetvāva gahetvā vicarituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti.

所以当行净除(烦恼)垢秽,自执(神变的)武器而行」。

Ñ: So we ourselves ought to go about [with out abilities perfected], just as it is proper (for soldiers) to go about with weapons cleaned of stains'.



Te therassa ovāde ṭhatvā tiṃsasahassāpi bhikkhū khippanisantino ahesuṃ.

彼等三万比丘,遵守长老的教训,都得成为即刻现起神变的人。

Ñ: The thirty thousand bhikkhus heeded the elder's advice and achieved rapid response.



Visuddhimagga XII-8

367. Imehi pana cuddasahi ākārehi cittaṃ aparidametvā pubbe abhāvitabhāvano ādikammiko yogāvacaro iddhivikubbanaṃ sampādessatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.

若以此等十四行相,不能调伏其心,则于预修的初学瑜伽行者,实无成就神变之理。

Ñ(XII,8): It is not possible for a meditator to begin to accomplish transformation by supernormal power unless he has previously completed his development by controlling his mind in these fourteen ways.



Ādikammikassa hi kasiṇaparikammampi bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti.

即为初学者得遍的遍作(准备定)亦困难,于百人千人之中,或有一人能得。

Ñ: Now the kasiṇa preliminary work is difficult for a beginner and only one in a hundred or a thousand can do it.



Katakasiṇaparikammassa nimittuppādanaṃ bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti.

作了遍的准备定者,生起(似)相难,于百人千人之中,或有一人能得。

Ñ: The arousing of the sign is difficult for one who has done the preliminary work and only one in a hundred or a thousand can do it.



Uppanne nimitte taṃ vaḍḍhetvā appanādhigamo bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti.

生起了似相得以增大,而证安止定难,于百人千人中,或有一人能得。

Ñ: To extend the sign when it has arisen and to reach absorption is difficult and only one in a hundred or a thousand can do it.



Adhigatappanassa cuddasahākārehi cittaparidamanaṃ bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti.

证得安止者,以十四行相调伏其心难,于百人千人中,或有一人能得。

Ñ: To tame one's mind in the fourteen ways after reaching absorption is difficult and only one in a hundred or a thousand can do it.



Cuddasahākārehi paridamitacittassāpi iddhivikubbanaṃ nāma bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti.

即以十四行相调伏其心者,得神变亦难,于百人千人中,或有一人能得。

Ñ: The transformation by supernormal power after training one's mind in the fourteen ways is difficult and only one in a hundred or a thousand can do it.



Vikubbanappattassāpi khippanisantibhāvo nāma bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova khippanisantī hoti.

得神变者,即刻现起神变难,于百人千人中,或有一人能得即刻现起神变。

Ñ: Rapid response after attaining transformation is difficult and only one in a hundred or a thousand can do it.



Visuddhimagga XII-7

Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ pana pañcaṅgikanti vavatthapetvā dutiyaṃ tivaṅgikaṃ,

(十三)于初禅确定五支,第二禅三支,

Ñ(XII,7): (xiii) The defining of only the jhāna factors by defining the first jhāna as five-factored, the second as three-factored,



tatiyaṃ duvaṅgikaṃ,

第三禅二支,

Ñ: the third as two-factored,



tathā catutthaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti

同样的第四禅,空无边处,乃至非想非非想处(亦为二支),

Ñ: and likewise the fourth, the base consisting of boundless space, … and the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception,



evaṃ jhānaṅgamattasseva vavatthāpanaṃ aṅgavavatthāpanaṃ nāma.

只是这样的确定禅支,故名「支的确定」。

Ñ: is called definition of factors.

Notes: the English translation of 'evaṃ jhānaṅgamattasseva vavatthāpanaṃ' is above 'The defining of only the jhāna factors'.



Tathā idaṃ pathavīkasiṇanti vavatthapetvā idaṃ āpokasiṇaṃ…pe… idaṃ odātakasiṇanti evaṃ ārammaṇamattasseva vavatthāpanaṃ ārammaṇavavatthāpanaṃ nāma.

(十四)同样的确定这是地遍,水遍,乃至白遍,如是只确定所缘,故名「所缘的确定」。

Ñ: (xiv) Likewise, the defining of only the object as 'This is the earth kasiṇa', 'This is the water kasiṇa' … 'This is the white kasiṇa', is called definition of object.



Aṅgārammaṇavavatthāpanampi eke icchanti.

然亦有人主张:「支与所缘的确定」的,

Ñ: Some would also have 'defining of factors and object';



Aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā addhā taṃ bhāvanāmukhaṃ na hoti.

但在义疏中未曾述及,当然不成为修习之门。

Ñ: but since that is not given in the commentaries it is certainly not a heading in the development.



Visuddhimagga XII-6

Pathavīkasiṇe pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tattheva itaresampi samāpajjanaṃ aṅgasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.

(十)于地遍中入初禅定已,[PTS 375] 亦于彼地遍而入其它(二禅三禅四禅)的定,故名「超支」。

Ñ(XII,6): (x) Attaining the first jhāna in the earth kasiṇa [375] and then attaining the others in that same kasiṇa is called transposition of factors.



Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tadeva āpokasiṇe…pe… tadeva odātakasiṇeti

(十一)于地遍中入初禅定已,次于水遍乃至白遍亦同入初禅定,

Ñ: (xi) Attaining the first jhāna in the earth kasiṇa and then that same jhāna in the water kasiṇa … in the white kasiṇa is called transposition of object.



evaṃ sabbakasiṇesu ekasseva jhānassa samāpajjanaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.

如是于一切遍中只入一禅定,故名「超所缘」。

Notes: No English translation for 'evaṃ sabbakasiṇesu ekasseva jhānassa samāpajjanaṃ' and the English translation for 'ārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāma' is above 'is called transposition of object'.



Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā

(十二)于地遍中入初禅定已,

Ñ: (xii) Transposition of object and factors together takes place in the following way: he attains the first jhāna in the earth kasiṇa,



āpokasiṇe dutiyaṃ,

次于水遍入第二禅,

Ñ: the second jhāna in the water kasiṇa,



tejokasiṇe tatiyaṃ,

于火遍入第三禅,

Ñ: the third in the fire kasiṇa,



vāyokasiṇe catutthaṃ,

于风遍入第四禅,

Ñ: the fourth in the air kasiṇa,



nīlakasiṇaṃ ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ,

除去青遍而入空无边处定,

Ñ: the base consisting of boundless space by removing the blue kasiṇa,



pītakasiṇato viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ,

自黄遍而入识无边处定,

Ñ: the base consisting of boundless consciousness [arrived at] from the yellow kasiṇa,



lohitakasiṇato ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ,

自赤遍而入无所有处定,

Ñ: the base consisting of nothingness from the red kasiṇa,



odātakasiṇato nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti

自白遍而入非想非非想处定,

Ñ: and the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception from the white kasiṇa.



evaṃ ekantarikavasena aṅgānañca ārammaṇānañca saṅkamanaṃ aṅgārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.

如是一一地超越支与所缘,故名「超支与所缘」。

Ñ: This is called transposition of factors and object.

Notes: the English translation for 'evaṃ ekantarikavasena aṅgānañca ārammaṇānañca saṅkamanaṃ' is above 'Transposition of object and factors together takes place in the following way'.



Visuddhimagga XII-5

Pathavīkasiṇe pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tattheva tatiyaṃ samāpajjati,

(七)于地遍中入初禅定已,次于同样的地遍而入第三禅定,

Ñ(XII,5): (vii) He skips alternate jhānas without skipping the kasiṇas in the following way: having first attained the first jhāna in the earth kasiṇa, he attains the third jhāna in that same kasiṇa,



tato tadeva ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ,

自此除去地遍而入空无边处定,

Ñ: and after that, having removed [the kasiṇa (Ch. X, §6), he attains] the base consisting of boundless space,



tato ākiñcaññāyatananti

而后入无所有处定,

Ñ: after that the base consisting of nothingness.



evaṃ kasiṇaṃ anukkamitvā jhānasseva ekantarikabhāvena ukkamanaṃ jhānukkantikaṃ nāma.

如是不跳遍而仅于中间跳过一禅,故名「跳禅」。

Ñ: This is called skipping jhānas.

Notes: part of the English translation is above 'He skips alternate jhānas without skipping the kasiṇas in the following way'.



Evaṃ āpokasiṇādimūlikāpi yojanā kātabbā.

同样的对于水遍等的基本定,当可类推而知。

Ñ: And that based on the water kasiṇa, etc., should be construed similarly.



Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā puna tadeva tejokasiṇe, tato nīlakasiṇe, tato lohitakasiṇeti iminā nayena jhānaṃ anukkamitvā kasiṇasseva ekantarikabhāvena ukkamanaṃ kasiṇukkantikaṃ nāma.

(八)于地遍中入初禅定已,次于火遍中再入初禅定,后于青遍及于赤遍中亦然,像这样的不跳禅,仅于中间跳过一遍,故名「跳遍」。

Ñ: (viii) When he skips alternate kasiṇas without skipping jhānas in the following way: having attained the first jhāna in the earth kasiṇa, he again attains that same jhāna in the fire kasiṇa and then in the blue kasiṇa and then in the red kasiṇa, this is called skipping kasiṇas.



Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tato tejokasiṇe tatiyaṃ,

(九)于地遍中入初禅定已,次于火遍入第三禅定,

Ñ: (ix) When he skips both jhānas and kasiṇas in the following way: having attained the first jhāna in the earth kasiṇa, he next attains the third in the fire kasiṇa,



nīlakasiṇaṃ ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ,

而后除青遍而入空无边处定,

Ñ: next the base consisting of boundless space after removing the blue kasiṇa,



lohitakasiṇato ākiñcaññāyatananti

后自赤遍而入无所有处定,

Ñ: next the base consisting of nothingness [arrived at] from the red kasiṇa,



iminā nayena jhānassa ceva kasiṇassa ca ukkamanaṃ jhānakasiṇukkantikaṃ nāma.

像这样的跳过禅及遍,故名「跳禅与遍」。

Ñ: this is called skipping jhānas and kasiṇas.

Notes: part of the English translation is above 'When he skips both jhānas and kasiṇas in the following way'.



Visuddhimagga XII-4

Paṭhamajjhānato pana paṭṭhāya paṭipāṭiyā yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, tāva punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānānulomaṃ nāma.

(四)从初禅开始顺次而至非想非非想处,如是数数入定,故名「顺禅」。

Ñ(XII,4): (iv) Attaining again and again from the first jhāna up to the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception is called in the order of the jhānas.



Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanato paṭṭhāya yāva paṭhamajjhānaṃ, tāva punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānapaṭilomaṃ nāma.

(五)从非想非非想处开始逆次而至初禅,数数入定,故名「逆禅」。

Ñ: (v) Attaining again and again from the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception back to the first jhāna is called in the reverse order of the jhānas.



Paṭhamajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanato paṭṭhāya yāva paṭhamajjhānanti evaṃ anulomapaṭilomavasena punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānānulomapaṭilomaṃ nāma.

(六)从初禅开始而至非想非非想处,从非想非非想处开始而至初禅,如是以顺以逆数数入定,故名「顺逆禅」。

Ñ: (vi) Attaining in forward and reverse order, from the first jhāna up to the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception and from the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception back to the first jhāna, is called in the order and reverse order of the jhānas.



Visuddhimagga XII-3

366. Katamaṃ panettha kasiṇānulomaṃ…pe… katamaṃ ārammaṇavavatthāpananti.

怎么为「顺遍」?乃至怎么为「所缘的确定」呢?

Ñ(XII,3): But what is 'in the order of the kasiṇas' here? … What is 'definition of object'?



Idha bhikkhu pathavīkasiṇe jhānaṃ samāpajjati, tato āpokasiṇeti

(一)兹有比丘,先于地遍入禅,次于水遍入禅,

(i) Here a bhikkhu attains jhāna in the earth kasiṇa, after that in the water kasiṇa,



evaṃ paṭipāṭiyā aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu satakkhattumpi sahassakkhattumpi samāpajjati,

如是顺次于八遍中百回千回的入禅,

Ñ: and so progressing through the eight kasiṇas, doing so even a hundred times, even a thousand times, in each one.



idaṃ kasiṇānulomaṃ nāma.

故名「顺遍」。

Ñ: This is called in the order of the kasiṇas.



Odātakasiṇato pana paṭṭhāya tatheva paṭilomakkamena samāpajjanaṃ kasiṇapaṭilomaṃ nāma.

(二)从白遍开始,与前同样的逆次入定,故名「逆遍」。

Ñ: (ii) Attaining them in like manner in reverse order, starting with the white kasiṇa, is called in the reverse order of the kasiṇas.



Pathavīkasiṇato paṭṭhāya yāva odātakasiṇaṃ, odātakasiṇatopi paṭṭhāya yāva pathavīkasiṇanti evaṃ anulomapaṭilomavasena punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ kasiṇānulomapaṭilomaṃ nāma.

(三)从地遍开始而至白遍,从白遍开始而至地遍,如是以顺、以逆数数入定,故名「顺逆遍」。

Ñ: (iii) Attaining them again and again in forward and reverse order, from the earth kasiṇa up to the white kasiṇa and from the white kasiṇa back to the earth kasiṇa, is called in the order and reverse order of the kasiṇas.



Visuddhimagga XII-2

Bhagavatā hi adhigatacatutthajjhānasamādhīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ samādhibhāvanānisaṃsadassanatthañceva uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītadhammadesanatthañca ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.238) nayena iddhividhaṃ, dibbasotadhātuñāṇaṃ, cetopariyañāṇaṃ, pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ, sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇanti pañca lokikābhiññā vuttā.

即如世尊对证得第四禅的善男子,为示修定的功德及为了要说更微细的法,曾说(一)神变、(二)天耳界智、(三)他心智、(四)宿住随念智、(五)有情死生智的五种世间的神通。用这样的表示法 :「当他的心如是得达等持遍净洁白无垢离诸随烦恼柔软适于工作住立不动之时,则他引导其心倾向于神变。他得享受于种种的神变:即如一身而成多身等」。

[THE FIVE KINDS OF DIRECT-KNOWLEDGE]

Ñ(XII,2): In order to show the benefits of developing concentration to clansmen whose concentration has reached the fourth jhāna, and in order to teach progressively refined Dhamma, five kinds of mundane direct-knowledge have been described by the Blessed One. They are: (1) the kinds of supernormal power, described in the way beginning 'When his concentrated mind is thus purified, bright, unblemished, rid of defilement, and has become malleable, wieldy, steady, and attained to imperturbability, he directs, he inclines, his mind to the kinds of supernormal power. He wields the various kinds of supernormal power. Having been one, he becomes many …' (D.i,77); (2) the knowledge of the divine ear element; (3) the knowledge of penetration of minds; (4) the knowledge of recollection of past life; and (5) the knowledge of the passing away and reappearance of beings.

Notes in Chinese translation: 神变(iddhividha),天耳界智(dibbasotadhātuñāṇa),他心智(cetopariyañāṇa),宿住随念智(pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇa),有情死生智(sattāñaṃ cutūpapāteñāṇa=dibbacakkhuñāṇa天眼智),《解脱道论》作「神通,天耳通,他心智通,宿命通,天眼通」。



Tattha ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotītiādikaṃ iddhivikubbanaṃ kātukāmena ādikammikena yoginā odātakasiṇapariyantesu aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu aṭṭha aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā –

一、神变论

(以十四行相调心)此中:欲求「一身而成多身」等神变行动的初学瑜伽者,于(地水火风青黄赤)而至白遍的八遍中,各各生起八种等至之后,[PTS 374] 当以此等十四行相调伏其心

[(l)THE KINDS OF SUPERNORMAL POWER]

If a meditator wants to begin performing the transformation by supernormal power described as 'Having been one, he becomes many', etc., he must achieve the eight attainments in each of the eight kasiṇas ending with the white kasiṇa. He must also have complete control of his mind in the following fourteen ways: [374]



Kasiṇānulomato, kasiṇapaṭilomato, kasiṇānulomapaṭilomato,

(一)以顺遍,(二)以逆遍,(三)以顺逆遍,

Ñ: (i) in the order of the kasiṇas, (ii) in the reverse order of the kasiṇas, (iii) in the order and reverse order of the kasiṇas,



jhānānulomato, jhānapaṭilomato, jhānānulomapaṭilomato,

(四)以顺禅,(五)以逆禅,(六)以顺逆禅,

Ñ: (iv) in the order of the jhānas, (v) in the reverse order of the jhānas (vi) in the order and reverse order of the jhānas,



jhānukkantikato, kasiṇukkantikato, jhānakasiṇukkantikato,

(七)以跳禅,(八)以跳遍,(九)以跳禅与遍,

Ñ: (vii) skipping jhānas, (viii) skipping kasiṇas, (ix) skipping jhānas and kasiṇas,



aṅgasaṅkantito, ārammaṇasaṅkantito, aṅgārammaṇasaṅkantito,

(十)以超支,(十一)以超所缘,(十二)以超支与所缘,

Ñ: (x) transposition of factors, (xi) transposition of object, (xii) transposition of factors and object,



aṅgavavatthāpanato, ārammaṇavavatthāpanatoti.

(十三)以支的确定,(十四)以所缘的确定。

Ñ: (xiii) definition of factors, and (xiv) definition of object.



Imehi cuddasahi ākārehi cittaṃ paridametabbaṃ.

Notes: the Chinese and English translations are above '当以此等十四行相调伏其心' and 'He must also have complete control of his mind in the following fourteen ways'.



Visuddhimagga XII-1

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa



Visuddhimaggo

(Dutiyo bhāgo)



12. Iddhividhaniddeso

[PTS 373] 第十二 说神变品

CHAPTER XII - THE SUPERNORMAL POWERS



Abhiññākathā

一、神变论





365. Idāni yāsaṃ lokikābhiññānaṃ vasena ayaṃ samādhibhāvanā abhiññānisaṃsāti vuttā, tā abhiññā sampādetuṃ yasmā pathavīkasiṇādīsu adhigatacatutthajjhānena yoginā yogo kātabbo.

兹因于地遍等得证第四禅的瑜伽者,当修瑜伽,成就所说的「修定而有神通的功德」的世间的诸神通,

[THE BENEFITS OF CONCENTRATION (CONTINUED)]

Ñ(XII,1): [373] It was said above with reference to the mundane kinds of direct-knowledge that this development of concentration 'provides … the benefit of the kinds of direct-knowledge' (Ch. XI, §122). Now in order to perfect those kinds of direct-knowledge the task must be undertaken by a meditator who has reached the fourth jhāna in the earth kasiṇa, and so on.



Evañhissa sā samādhibhāvanā adhigatānisaṃsā ceva bhavissati thiratarā ca, so adhigatānisaṃsāya thiratarāya samādhibhāvanāya samannāgato sukheneva paññābhāvanaṃ sampādessati.

由于他修习这样的定而得证功德及更成坚固,且他既得具足那证得功德而成坚固的定的修习,则甚易成就于慧的修习,

Ñ: And in doing this, not only will this development of concentration have provided benefits in this way, it will also have become more advanced; and when he thus possesses concentration so developed as to have both provided benefits and become more advanced, he will then more easily perfect the development of understanding.



Tasmā abhiññākathaṃ tāva ārabhissāma.

所以现在开始先论神通。

Ñ: So meanwhile we shall deal with the explanation of the kinds of direct-knowledge now.



Visuddhimagga XI-126

363. Ettāvatā ca ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti imissā gāthāya sīlasamādhipaññāmukhena desite visuddhimagge samādhipi paridīpito hoti.

以上是说明以「有慧人住戒」一偈中的戒定慧三门而示清净之道中的定门。

Ñ(XI,126): And at this point in the Path of Purification, which is taught under the headings of virtue, concentration and understanding in the stanza, 'When a wise man, established well in virtue …', concentration has been fully explained.



Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge

Samādhiniddeso nāma

Ekādasamo paricchedo.

为诸善人所喜悦而造的清净道论,完成了第十一品,定名为定的解释。

Ñ: The eleventh chapter concluding 'The Description of Concentration' in the Path of Purification composed for the purpose of gladdening good people.



364. Paṭhamo sīlaniddeso. Dutiyo dhutaṅganiddeso;. Tatiyo kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇaniddeso. Catuttho pathavīkasiṇaniddeso. Pañcamo sesakasiṇaniddeso. Chaṭṭho asubhaniddeso. Sattamo chaanussatiniddeso. Aṭṭhamo sesānussatiniddeso. Navamo brahmavihāraniddeso. Dasamo āruppaniddeso. Paṭikkūlasaññādhātuvavatthānadvayaniddeso ekādasamoti.



Visuddhimaggassa paṭhamo bhāgo niṭṭhito.

Visuddhimagga XI-125

Evamayaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārādi pañcavidho samādhibhāvanāya ānisaṃso –

如是现法乐住等是修定的五种功德。

Ñ(XI,125): That is how this benefit of the development of concentration is fivefold as a blissful abiding here and now, and so on.



‘‘Tasmā nekānisaṃsamhi, kilesamalasodhane;

Samādhibhāvanāyoge, nappamajjeyya paṇḍito’’ti.

是故智者,

对于这样──

多有功德能净烦恼之垢的禅定,

当作不放逸之行。

Ñ: So wise men fail not in devotion

To the pursuit of concentration:

It cleans defiling stains' pollution,

And brings rewards past calculation.



Visuddhimagga XI-124

Ye pana ariyā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā satta divasāni acittā hutvā diṭṭheva dhamme nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmāti samādhiṃ bhāventi,

(五)(灭尽定)诸圣者既已生起八等至,入灭尽定,如是修习:「于七日间无心,于现法证灭尽涅盘我等乐住」,

Ñ(XI,124): But when noble ones who have already produced the eight attainments develop concentration, thinking, 'We shall enter upon the attainment of cessation, and by being without consciousness for seven days we shall abide in bliss here and now by reaching the cessation that is nibbāna',



tesaṃ appanāsamādhibhāvanā nirodhānisaṃsā hoti.

彼等修安止定而得灭尽定的功德。

Ñ: then the development of absorption concentration provides for them the benefit of cessation.



Tenāha – ‘‘soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi navahi samādhicariyāhi vasībhāvatā paññā nirodhasamāpattiyā ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.34).

所以说:「以十六智行及以九定行得自在慧而成灭尽定之智」。

Ñ: Hence it is said: 'Understanding as mastery owing to … sixteen kinds of behaviour of knowledge, and to nine kinds of behaviour of concentration, is knowledge of the attainment of cessation' (Ps.i,97; see Ch. XXIII, 18f.).



Visuddhimagga XI-123

Ye aparihīnajjhānā brahmaloke nibbattissāmāti brahmalokūpapattiṃ patthentā apatthayamānā vāpi puthujjanā samādhito na parihāyanti,

(四)(胜有)「不舍禅那,我等将生于梵天」──那些这样希求生于梵天的人,或者虽无希求而不舍于凡夫定的人,

Ñ(XI,123): When ordinary people have not lost their jhāna, and they aspire to rebirth in the Brahmā-world thus, 'Let us be reborn in the Brahmā-world', or even though they do not make the actual aspiration,



tesaṃ bhavavisesāvahattā appanāsamādhibhāvanā bhavavisesānisaṃsā hoti.

修安止定必取胜有,而得胜有的功德。

Ñ: then the development of absorption concentration provides them with the benefits of an improved form of existence since it ensures that for them.



Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ parittaṃ bhāvetvā kattha upapajjanti. Brahmapārisajjānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjantī’’tiādi (vibha. 1024).

所以世尊说:「曾少修初禅的人生于何处?生为梵众天的伴侣」等。

Ñ: Hence the Blessed One said: 'Where do they reappear after developing the first jhāna limitedly? They reappear in the company of the deities of Brahmā's Retinue' (Vbh. 424), and so on.



Upacārasamādhibhāvanāpi pana kāmāvacarasugatibhavavisesaṃ āvahatiyeva.

修近行定,必得欲界善趣的胜有。

Ñ: And even the development of access concentration ensures an improved form of existence in the happy destinies of the sensual sphere.



Visuddhimagga XI-122

Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotīti vuttanayā abhiññāyo patthento nibbattenti,

(三)(神通)其次曾生八等至,入于为神通基础的禅那,出定之后,希求及产生所谓「一成为多」的神通的人,他有获得神通的理由,

Ñ(XI,122): But when they have already produced the eight attainments and then, aspiring to the kinds of direct-knowledge described in the way beginning 'Having been one, he becomes many' (Ch. XII, §2), they produce them by entering upon jhāna as the basis for direct-knowledge and emerging from it,



tesaṃ sati sati āyatane abhiññāpadaṭṭhānattā appanāsamādhibhāvanā abhiññānisaṃsā hoti.

因为修习安止定是神通的足处,故得神通的功德。

Ñ: then the development of absorption concentration provides for them the benefit of the kinds of direct-knowledge, since it becomes the proximate cause for the kinds of direct-knowledge whenever there is an occasion.



Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘so yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṃ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane’’ti (ma. ni. 3.158; a. ni. 3.102).

所以世尊说:「他倾心于彼彼神通作证法,具有理由,必能成就于神通作证之法。」[PTS 372]

Ñ: Hence the Blessed One said: 'He attains the ability to be a witness, through realization by direct-knowledge, of any state realizable by direct-knowledge to which his mind inclines, whenever there is an occasion' (M.iii,96; A.i,254). [372]



Visuddhimagga XI-121

Sekkhaputhujjanānaṃ samāpattito vuṭṭhāya samāhitena cittena vipassissāmāti bhāvayataṃ vipassanāya padaṭṭhānattā appanāsamādhibhāvanāpi sambādhe okāsādhigamanayena upacārasamādhibhāvanāpi vipassanānisaṃsā hoti.

(二)(毗钵舍那)有学、凡夫,从定而出,修习:「我将以彼定心而观察」,因为修习安止定是毗钵舍那(观)的足处(近因),亦因为修习近行定而于(烦恼)障碍中有(得利的)机会,故得毗钵舍那的功德。

Ñ(XI,121): When ordinary people and trainers develop it, thinking, 'After emerging we shall exercise insight with concentrated consciousness', the development of absorption concentration provides them with the benefit of insight by serving as the proximate cause for insight, and so too does access concentration as a method of arriving at wide open [conditions] in crowded [circumstances].



Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. Samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5).

所以世尊说:「诸比丘!汝应修定,诸比丘!得定的比丘如实而知」。

Ñ: Hence the Blessed One said: 'Bhikkhus, develop concentration; a bhikkhu who is concentrated understands correctly' (S.iii,13).



Visuddhimagga XI-120

Samādhiānisaṃsakathā

八、修定有什么功德

[THE BENEFITS OF DEVELOPING CONCENTRATION]



362. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘samādhibhāvanāya ko ānisaṃso’’ti, tattha diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārādipañcavidho samādhibhāvanāya ānisaṃso.

其次对于所说的「修定有什么功德」的问题,有现法乐住等五种修定的功德。

Ñ(XI,120): The question (viii) WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCENTRATION ? was also asked, however (Ch. III,§1). Herein, the benefits of the development of concentration are fivefold, as a blissful abiding here and now, and so on.



Tathā hi ye arahanto khīṇāsavā samāpajjitvā ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmāti samādhiṃ bhāventi, tesaṃ appanāsamādhibhāvanā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānisaṃsā hoti.

即:

(一)(现法乐住)诸漏尽阿罗汉既已入定,念「我以一境心于一日中乐住」而修定,由于他们修习安止定,故得现法乐住的功德。

Ñ: For the development of absorption concentration provides the benefit of a blissful abiding here and now for the Arahants with cankers destroyed who develop concentration, thinking 'We shall attain and dwell with unified mind for a whole day'.



Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccantī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.82).

所以世尊说「周那?此等于圣者之律,不名为损减(烦恼),此等于圣者之律,称为现法乐住」。

Ñ: Hence the Blessed One said: 'But, Cunda, it is not these that are called effacement in the noble ones' discipline; these are called blissful abidings in the noble ones' discipline' (M.i,40).



Visuddhimagga XI-119

Duvidhoyeva hayaṃ idha adhippeto upacārasamādhi ceva appanāsamādhi ca.

在这里(的定)包括两种,即近行定与安止定。

Ñ(XI,119): This concentration as intended here is twofold, that is to say, access concentration and absorption concentration.



Tattha dasasu kammaṭṭhānesu, appanāpubbabhāgacittesu ca ekaggatā upacārasamādhi.

此中于(除了身至念及安般念的八随念而加食厌想及四界差别的)十业处中(的一境性)及于安止定的前分心的一境性为近行定;

Ñ: Herein, the unification [of mind] in the case of ten meditation subjects and in the consciousness preceding absorption [in the case of the remaining meditation subjects] is access concentration.



Avasesakammaṭṭhānesu cittekaggatā appanāsamādhi.

于其余的(三十)业处中的心一境性为安止定。

Ñ: The unification of mind in the case of the remaining meditation subjects is absorption concentration.



So duvidhopi tesaṃ kammaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bhāvito hoti.

因为修习了彼等(四十)业处,亦即是修习了这(安止定和近行定的)两种,

Ñ: And so it is developed in two forms with the development of these meditation subjects.



Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘kathaṃ bhāvetabboti imassa padassa sabbappakārato atthavaṇṇanā samattā’’ti.

所以说「怎样修习」的一句,曾以各方面的意义解释完毕。

Ñ: Hence it was said above: 'This completes in all its aspects the commentary on the meaning of the clause "How should it be developed?"'.



Visuddhimagga XI-118

361. Ettāvatā ca yaṃ samādhissa vitthāraṃ bhāvanānayañca dassetuṃ ‘‘ko samādhi, kenaṭṭhena samādhī’’tiādinā nayena pañhākammaṃ kataṃ, tattha ‘‘kathaṃ bhāvetabbo’’ti imassa padassa sabbappakārato atthavaṇṇanā samattā hoti.

(论修定的结语)为了详示修定的方法,前面曾经提出这些问题:「什么是定?什么是定的语义」等。在那些问题中,(第七)「怎样修习」的一句,曾以各方面的意义解释完毕。

[DEVELOPMENT OF CONCENTRATION—CONCLUSION]

Ñ(XI,118): This completes in all its aspects the commentary on the meaning of the clause 'How should it be developed?', in the set of questions beginning with 'What is concentration?', which was formulated in order to show the method of development of concentration in detail (see Ch. III,§1).



Visuddhimagga XI-117

360. Idañca pana catudhātuvavatthānaṃ anuyutto bhikkhu suññataṃ avagāhati, sattasaññaṃ samugghāteti.

(四界差别的功德)勤于四界差别的比丘,洞察空性,灭有情想。

Ñ(XI,117): This bhikkhu who is devoted to the defining of the four elements immerses himself in voidness and eliminates the perception of living beings.



So sattasaññāya samūhatattā vāḷamigayakkharakkhasādivikappaṃ anāvajjamāno bhayabheravasaho hoti, aratiratisaho, na iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu ugghātanigghātaṃ pāpuṇāti.

因他灭了有情之想,不会去分别猛兽、夜叉、罗剎等,克服恐怖,克制不乐与乐,不于善恶取舍

Ñ: Since he does not entertain false notions about wild beasts, spirits, ogres, etc., because he has abolished the perception of living beings, he conquers fear and dread and conquers delight and aversion (boredom); he is not exhilarated or depressed by agreeable and disagreeable things;



Mahāpañño ca pana hoti amatapariyosāno vā sugatiparāyano vāti.

成大慧者,得至究竟不死(的涅盘)或来世而至善趣。

Ñ: and as one of great understanding, he either ends in the deathless or he is bound for a happy destiny.



Evaṃ mahānubhāvaṃ, yogivarasahassa kīḷitaṃ etaṃ;

Catudhātuvavatthānaṃ, niccaṃ sevetha medhāvīti.

有慧的瑜伽者,

当常修习──

这有大威力的四界差别,

那也是胜师子的游戏。

Ñ: Defining the four elements

Is ever the wise man's resort;

The noble meditator lion

Will make this mighty theme his sport.



Ayaṃ catudhātuvavatthānassa bhāvanāniddeso.

这是修习四界差别的解释。[PTS 371]

Ñ: This is the description of the development of the defining of the four elements. [371]



Visuddhimagga XI-116

Evaṃ vacanatthādivasena manasi karontassāpi hi ekekena mukhena dhātuyo pākaṭā honti.

如是以语义等(的十三行相)而作意者,由一一门而得明了四界。

Ñ(XI,116): As he gives his attention to them 'as to word meaning', etc., in this way, the elements become evident to him under each heading.



Tā punappunaṃ āvajjato manasikaroto vuttanayeneva upacārasamādhi uppajjati.

于彼四界数数念虑作意者,依前述的同样方法而得生起近行定,

Ñ: As he again and again adverts, and gives attention to them access concentration arises in the way already described.



Svāyaṃ catunnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vavatthāpakassa ñāṇassānubhāvena uppajjanato catudhātuvavatthānantveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.

因为这(近行定)是由于四界差别的智力而生起,故称为四界差别。

Ñ: And this concentration too is called 'definition of the four elements' because it arises in one who defines the four elements owing to the influence of his knowledge.



Visuddhimagga XI-115

Tāsu pathavīdhātu abhikkamapaṭikkamādikāle uppīḷanassa paccayo hoti.

在彼等四界中,地界是举步往返等时候的压足之缘。

Ñ(XI,115): At the time of moving forward and moving backward (M.i,57), the earth element among these is a condition for pressing.



Sāva āpodhātuyā anugatā patiṭṭhāpanassa.

由水界随伴的地界,是立足之缘。

Ñ: That, seconded by the water element, is a condition for establishing on a foundation.



Pathavīdhātuyā pana anugatā āpodhātu avakkhepanassa.

由地界随伴的水界,是下足之缘。

Ñ: But the water element seconded by the earth element is a condition for lowering down.



Vāyodhātuyā anugatā tejodhātu uddharaṇassa.

由风界随伴的火界,是举足之缘,

Ñ: The fire element seconded by the air element is a condition for lifting up.



Tejodhātuyā anugatā vāyodhātu atiharaṇavītiharaṇānaṃ paccayo hotīti

由火界随伴的风界,是运足向前或向左右之缘。

Ñ: The air element seconded by the fire element is a condition for shifting forwards and shifting sideways (see Ch. XX, §62f. and MA.i, 160).



evaṃ paccayavibhāgato manasikātabbā.

如是以缘的分别而作意。

Ñ: This is how they should be given attention 'as to analysis of conditions.'



Visuddhimagga XI-114

Pathavīādīsu hi ekekaṃ paṭicca itarā tisso tissoti evaṃ ekaṃ paṭicca tisso catudhā sampavattanti.

即是说以地界等的一一界为缘而起其它的各各三界,如是故以一界为缘而起三界有四种。

Ñ(XI,114): Taking each one, beginning with earth, there are three others whose occurrence is due to that one, thus with three due to one their occurrence takes place in four ways.



Tathā pathavīdhātuādīsu ekekā itarā tisso tisso paṭiccāti evaṃ tisso paṭicca ekā catudhā sampavattati.

同样的地界等的一一界以其它的各各三界为缘而起,如是故以三界为缘而起一界有四种。

Ñ: Likewise each one, beginning with earth, occurs in dependence on the other three, thus with one due to three their occurrence takes place in four ways.



Purimā pana dve paṭicca pacchimā,

其次以前二(地水界)为缘而起后二(火风界),

Ñ: But with the last two dependent on the first two,



pacchimā ca dve paṭicca purimā,

以后二(火风)为缘而起前二(地水),

Ñ: with the first two dependent on the last two,



paṭhamatatiyā paṭicca dutiyacatutthā,

以第一第三(地火)为缘而起第二第四(水风),

Ñ: with the second and fourth dependent on the first and third,



dutiyacatutthā paṭicca paṭhamatatiyā,

以第二第四为缘而起第一第三,

Ñ: with the first and third dependent on the second and fourth,



paṭhamacatutthā paṭicca dutiyatatiyā,

以第一第四(地风)为缘而起第二第三(水火),

Ñ: with the second and third dependent on the first and fourth,



dutiyatatiyā paṭicca paṭhamacatutthāti

以第二第三为缘而起第一第四,

Ñ: and with the first and fourth dependent on the second and third,



evaṃ dve dhātuyo paṭicca dve chadhā sampavattanti.

如是故以二界为缘而起二界有六种。

Ñ: they occur in six ways with two elements due to two.



Visuddhimagga XI-113

Evaṃ sahajātādipaccayavasappavattāsu ca panetāsu dhātūsu –

如是由于俱生等的缘的力量而起的此等四界之中:

Ñ(XI,113): And when these elements have been made to occur through the influence of the conascence, etc., conditions:



Ekaṃ paṭicca tisso, catudhā tisso paṭicca eko ca;

Dve dhātuyo paṭicca, dve chaddhā sampavattanti.

以一界为缘而起三界有四种,

以三界为缘而起一界有四种,

以二界为缘而起二界有六种。

Ñ: With three in four ways to one due,

And likewise with one due to three;

With two in six ways due to two—

Thus their occurrence comes to be.



Visuddhimagga XI-112

Tattha kammasamuṭṭhānā pathavīdhātu kammasamuṭṭhānānaṃ itarāsaṃ sahajātaaññamaññanissayaatthiavigatavasena ceva patiṭṭhāvasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena.

此中,由业等起的地界为业等起的其它(水火风三界)的缘──是依照俱生、相互、依止、有及不离缘及依住处,但非依生缘。

Ñ(XI,112): Herein, the kamma-originated earth element is a condition for the other kamma-originated elements both as conascence, mutuality, support, presence, and non-disappearance conditions and as foundation, but not as producing condition.



Itaresaṃ tisantatimahābhūtānaṃ nissayaatthiavigatavasena paccayo hoti, na patiṭṭhāvasena na janakavasena.

亦为其它(时、心、食)三(等起的)相续的诸大种之缘──是依照依止、有及不离缘,但非依住处,亦非依生缘。

Ñ: It is a condition for the other [three] great primaries in a triple continuity (see Ch. XX, §22) as support, presence and non-disappearance conditions, but not as foundation or producing condition.



Āpodhātu cettha itarāsaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sahajātādivasena ceva ābandhanavasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena.

由业等起的水界,为其它(业等起的地火风)三界的缘──是依照俱生等缘及依结着,但非依生缘。

Ñ: And here the water element is a condition for the remaining three elements both as conascence, etc., conditions and as cohesion, but not as producing condition.



Itaresaṃ tisantatikānaṃ nissayaatthiavigatapaccayavaseneva, na ābandhanavasena na janakavasena.

亦为其它(时、心、食)三(等起)相续(的诸大种)之缘──是依照依止,有及不离缘,但非依结着,亦非依生缘。

Ñ: And for the others in a triple continuity it is a condition as support, presence, and non-disappearance conditions too, but not as cohesion or producing condition.



Tejodhātupettha itarāsaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sahajātādivasena ceva paripācanavasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena.

由业等起的火界,为其它(业等起的地水风)三界的缘──是依照俱生等缘及依遍熟,但非依生缘。

Ñ: And the fire element here is a condition for the other three elements both as conascence, etc., conditions and as maintaining but not as producing condition.



Itaresaṃ tisantatikānaṃ nissayaatthiavigatapaccayavaseneva, na paripācanavasena, na janakavasena.

亦为其它(时、心、食)三(等起)相续(的诸大种)之缘──是依照依止、有、及不离缘,但非依遍熟,亦非依生缘。

Ñ: And for the others in a triple continuity it is a condition as support, presence, and non-disappearance conditions too, but not as maintaining or producing condition.



Vāyodhātupettha itarāsaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sahajātādivasena ceva vitthambhanavasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena.

由业等起的风界,为其它(业等起的地水火)三界的缘──是依照俱生等缘及依支持,[PTS 370] 但非依生缘。

Ñ: And the air element here is a condition for the other three elements [370] both as conascence, etc., conditions and as distension, but not as producing condition.



Itaresaṃ tisantatikānaṃ nissayaatthiavigatapaccayavaseneva, na vitthambhanavasena, na janakavasena.

亦为其它(时、心、食)三(等起)相续(的诸大种)之缘──是依照依止、有、及不离缘,但非依支持,亦非依生缘。

Ñ: And for the others in a triple continuity it is a condition as support, presence, and non-disappearance conditions too, but not as distension or producing condition.



Cittaāhārautusamuṭṭhānapathavīdhātuādīsupi eseva nayo.

关于心、食、时等起的地界等,以此类推之。

Ñ: The same method applies in the case of the consciousness-originated, the nutriment-originated, and the temperature-originated earth element, and the rest.



Visuddhimagga XI-111

359. Paccayavibhāgatoti dhātūnaṃ hi kammaṃ, cittaṃ, āhāro, utūti cattāro paccayā.

(十三)「以缘的分别」,四界有业、心、食、时的四缘。

Ñ(XI,111): 13. As to analysis of conditions: there are four conditions for the elements, that is to say, kamma, consciousness, nutriment, and temperature.



Tattha kammasamuṭṭhānānaṃ kammameva paccayo hoti, na cittādayo.

此中由业等起的界,只以业为缘,非以心等为缘。

Ñ: Herein, kamma alone is a condition for what is kamma-originated, not consciousness and the rest.



Cittādisamuṭṭhānānampi cittādayova paccayā honti, na itare.

由心等而等起的界,亦只以心等为缘,而非其它。

Ñ: And consciousness, etc., alone are the respective conditions for what is consciousness-originated, etc., not the others.



Kammasamuṭṭhānānañca kammaṃ janakapaccayo hoti,

业为业等起的界的生缘,

Ñ: And kamma is the producing condition for what is kamma-originated;



sesānaṃ pariyāyato upanissayapaccayo hoti.

据经说是其余诸界的近依缘(强因)。

Ñ: it is indirectly decisive-support condition for the rest.



Cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ cittaṃ janakapaccayo hoti,

心为心等起的界的生缘,

Ñ: Consciousness is the producing condition for what is consciousness-originated;



sesānaṃ pacchājātapaccayo atthipaccayo avigatapaccayo ca.

是余界的后生缘、有缘及不离缘。

Ñ: it is postnascence condition and presence and non-disappearance conditions for the rest.



Āhārasamuṭṭhānānaṃ āhāro janakapaccayo hoti,

食为食等起的界的生缘,

Ñ: Nutriment is the producing condition for what is nutriment-originated;



sesānaṃ āhārapaccayo atthipaccayo avigatapaccayo ca.

是余界的食缘、有缘、及不离缘。

Ñ: it is nutriment condition and presence and non-disappearance conditions for the rest.



Utusamuṭṭhānānaṃ utu janakapaccayo hoti,

时节为时等起的界的生缘,

Ñ: Temperature is the producing condition for what is temperature-originated;



sesānaṃ atthipaccayo avigatapaccayo ca.

是余界的有缘及不离缘。

Ñ: it is presence and non-disappearance conditions for the rest.



Kammasamuṭṭhānaṃ mahābhūtaṃ kammasamuṭṭhānānampi mahābhūtānaṃ paccayo hoti cittādisamuṭṭhānānampi.

业等起的大种为业等起的诸大种之缘,亦为心等的等起的(诸大种之缘)。

Ñ: A kamma-originated great primary is a condition for a kamma-originated great primary, and also for the consciousness-originated, and so on.



Tathā cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ, āhārasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Utusamuṭṭhānaṃ mahābhūtaṃ utusamuṭṭhānānampi mahābhūtānaṃ paccayo hoti kammādisamuṭṭhānānampi.

如是心等起,食等起,乃至时等起的大种为时等起的诸大种之缘,亦为业等的等起的(诸大种之缘)。

Ñ: Likewise the consciousness-originated and the nutriment originated. A temperature-originated great primary is a condition for a temperature-originated great primary, and for the kamma-originated, and so on (cf. Ch. XX, §27f.).



Visuddhimagga XI-110

358. Asamannāhāratoti pathavīdhātu cettha ‘‘ahaṃ pathavīdhātū’’ti vā, ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ patiṭṭhā hutvā paccayo homī’’ti vā na jānāti.

(十二)「以不思念」,地界不知:「我是地」或「我是其余三大种的住处及缘」;

Ñ(XI,110): 12. As to lack of conscious reaction: here too the earth element does not know 'I am the earth element' or 'I am a condition by acting as a foundation for three great primaries'.



Itarānipi tīṇi ‘‘amhākaṃ pathavīdhātu patiṭṭhā hutvā paccayo hotī’’ti na jānanti.

其余的三界亦不知:「地界是我们的住处及缘」。

Ñ: And the other three do not know 'The earth element is a condition for us by acting as a foundation for three great primaries'. And the other three do not know 'The earth element is a condition for us by acting as our foundation'.



Esa nayo sabbatthāti

其余的一切可以类推。

Ñ: And similarly in each instance.



evaṃ asamannāhārato manasikātabbā.

如是以不思念而作意。

Ñ: This is how they should be given attention 'as to lack of conscious reaction'.



Visuddhimagga XI-109

357. Paccayatoti pathavīdhātu āposaṅgahitā tejoanupālitā vāyovitthambhitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ patiṭṭhā hutvā paccayo hoti.

(十一)「以缘」,此地界,以水摄之,以火保护,以风支持,是(水火风)三大种的住处及缘。

Ñ(XI,109): 11. As to condition: the earth element, which is held together by water, maintained by fire and distended by air, is a condition for the other three great primaries by acting as their foundation.



Āpodhātu pathavīpatiṭṭhitā tejoanupālitā vāyovitthambhitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ ābandhanaṃ hutvā paccayo hoti.

水界,以地而住,以火保护,以风支持,是(地火风)三大种的结着及缘。

Ñ: The water element, which is founded on earth, maintained by fire and distended by air, is a condition for the other three great primaries by acting as their cohesion.



Tejodhātu pathavīpatiṭṭhitā āposaṅgahitā vāyovitthambhitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ paripācanaṃ hutvā paccayo hoti.

火界,以地而住,以水摄之,[PTS 369] 以风支持,是(地水风)三大种的遍熟及缘。

Ñ: The fire element, which is founded on earth, held together by water [369] and distended by air, is a condition for the other three great primaries by acting as their maintaining.



Vāyodhātu pathavīpatiṭṭhitā āposaṅgahitā tejoparipācitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ vitthambhanaṃ hutvā paccayo hotīti

风界,以地而住,以水摄之,以火遍熟,是(地水火)三大种的支持及缘。

Ñ: The air element, which is founded on earth, held together by water, and maintained by fire, is a condition for the other three great primaries by acting as their distension.



evaṃ paccayato manasikātabbā.

如是以缘而作意。

Ñ: This is how they should be given attention 'as to condition'.



Visuddhimagga XI-108

356. Saṅgahatoti kammasamuṭṭhānā pathavīdhātu kammasamuṭṭhānāhi itarāhi ekasaṅgahā hoti samuṭṭhānanānattābhāvato.

(十)「以摄」,由业等起的地界与由业等起的其它(三界)为同一摄,因为它们的等起无异故。

Ñ(XI,108): 10. As to inclusion: kamma-originated earth element is included together with the other kamma-originated elements because there is no difference in their origination.



Tathā cittādisamuṭṭhānā cittādisamuṭṭhānāhīti

同样的,由心等而等起的(地界)与由心等而等起的其它(三界)为同一摄。

Ñ: Likewise the consciousness-originated is included together with other consciousness-originated elements.



evaṃ saṅgahato manasikātabbā.

如是以摄而作意。

Ñ: This is how they should be given attention 'as to inclusion'.



Visuddhimagga XI-107

355. Ajjhattikabāhiravisesatoti ajjhattikā dhātuyo viññāṇavatthuviññattiindriyānaṃ nissayā honti,

(九)「以内外差别」,内四界是(眼耳鼻舌身意的六)识事(viññāṇavatthu)(身语的二)表,及(女男命的三)根的所依,

Ñ(XI,107): 9. As to distinction between internal and external: the internal elements are the [material] support for the physical bases of consciousness, for the kinds of intimation, and for the material faculties.

Notes in Chinese translation: 识事(Viññāṇavatthu)即眼等六识所依的物质,如眼识事即眼根等。参考底本四四五页以下。



sairiyāpathā,

有四威仪,

Ñ: They are associated with postures,



catusamuṭṭhānā.

及自(业心时食)四的等起。

Ñ: and they are of fourfold origination.



Bāhirā vuttaviparītappakārāti

外四界则与上述的相反。

Ñ: The external elements are of the opposite kind.



evaṃ ajjhattikabāhiravisesato manasikātabbā.

如是以内外差别而作意。

Ñ: This is how they should be given attention 'as to distinction between internal and external'.



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Acknowledgment: Thanks to Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) and Venerable Nyanatusita for allowing me to use the English translation of the Visuddhimagga (The Path Of Purification) by Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa, translated from the Pāḷi by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, as part of a combined Chinese English translation.

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