Visuddhimagga III-58

Kammaṭṭhānikena hi bhikkhunā paṭhamaṃ tāva paricchinditvā sīmaṭṭhakabhikkhusaṅghe sukhitā hontu abyāpajjāti mettā bhāvetabbā.

修习业处的比丘,最先当限定其范围,对于同一境界之内的比丘僧伽这样的修习慈念:「愿他们幸福而无恼害。」

Ñ: Ñ(III,58): When a bhikkhu takes up a meditation subject, he should first develop lovingkindness towards the Community of Bhikkhus within the boundary, limiting it at first [to 'all bhikkhus in this monastery'], in this way: 'May they be happy and free from affliction'.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: The word 'boundary' here means boundary of a monastery.


Han: Mahāsī Sayādaw explained that the word 'boundary' here means within the boundary of sīma, translated from the Pāḷi word sīmaṭṭhakabhikkhusaṅghe.


sīmā : [f.] a boundary; a limit; a chapter house for Buddhist monks.



Tato sīmaṭṭhakadevatāsu.

其次对诸同一境界内的天人,

Ñ: Then he should develop it towards all deities within the boundary.



Tato gocaragāmamhi issarajane.

次对附近的首领人物,

Ñ: Then towards all the principal people in the village that is his alms resort;



Tato tattha manusse upādāya sabbasattesu.

再对那里的人民及为一切有情而修慈。

Ñ: then to [all human beings there and to] all living beings dependent on the human beings.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [to [all human beings there and to] all living beings dependent on the human beings => to all beings beginning with the human beings].


Han: Mahāsī Sayādaw's explanation was the same as that of Sayādaw U Sīlānanda.



So hi bhikkhusaṅghe mettāya sahavāsīnaṃ muducittataṃ janeti. Athassa te sukhasaṃvāsā honti.

因他对诸比丘僧伽修慈,得使同住者生起柔和之心,所以他们便成为他的幸福同住者。

Ñ: With lovingkindness towards the Community of Bhikkhus he produces kindliness in his co-residents; then they are easy for him to live with.



Sīmaṭṭhakadevatāsu mettāya mudukatacittāhi devatāhi dhammikāya rakkhāya susaṃvihitarakkho hoti.

因对同一境界之内的天人修慈,故使柔和了心的天人能以如法的保护而善作守护。

Ñ: With lovingkindness towards the deities within the boundary he is protected by kindly deities with lawful protection.



Gocaragāmamhi issarajane mettāya mudukatacittasantānehi issarehi dhammikāya rakkhāya surakkhitaparikkhāro hoti.

[PTS 098] 对诸村邻的首领人物修慈,则使柔和了心的首脑能以如法的保护而善护其所需之物。

Ñ: [98] With lovingkindness towards the principal people in the village that is his alms resort his requisites are protected by well-disposed principal people with lawful protection.



Tattha manussesu mettāya pasāditacittehi tehi aparibhūto hutvā vicarati.

对诸人民修慈,则能使人民生起信乐之心,不会轻视他的行动。

Ñ: With lovingkindness to all human beings there he goes about without incurring their dislike since they trust him.



Sabbasattesu mettāya sabbattha appaṭihatacāro hoti.

对一切有情修慈,则在一切处行,皆无妨害。

Ñ: With lovingkindness to all living beings he can wander unhindered everywhere.



Maraṇassatiyā pana avassaṃ mayā maritabbanti cintento anesanaṃ pahāya uparūpari vaḍḍhamānasaṃvego anolīnavuttiko hoti.

次说死念,即是由「我是必然会死的」想念而断除其邪求,更加增长警惕之心,不迷恋他的生活。

Ñ: With mindfulness of death, thinking 'I have got to die', he gives up improper search (see S.ii,194; MA.i,115), and with a growing sense of urgency he comes to live without attachment.

Sayādaw U Sīlānanda: [attachment => sluggishness; laziness; indolence].


Han: Mahāsī Sayādaw's explanation was the same as that of Sayādaw U Sīlānanda.


It was translated from the Pāḷi word, anolīnavuttiko, līna meaning shrunk; shy; reserved.



Asubhasaññāparicitacittassa panassa dibbānipi ārammaṇāni lobhavasena cittaṃ na pariyādiyanti.

其次如果通达不净想者,即对于诸天的所缘境界,也不会由贪欲而夺去他的心。

Ñ: When his mind is familiar with the perception of foulness, then even divine objects do not tempt his mind to greed.



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Acknowledgment: Thanks to Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) and Venerable Nyanatusita for allowing me to use the English translation of the Visuddhimagga (The Path Of Purification) by Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa, translated from the Pāḷi by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, as part of a combined Chinese English translation.

Sādhu ! Sādhu ! Sādhu !