Visuddhimagga I-81

Pāpanāti adāyakattassa avaṇṇassa vā pāpanaṃ.

公开骂人为吝啬者或无可赞美者是「恶口」。

Ñ(I,81): Denigration is denigrating someone by saying that he is not a giver, or by censuring him.

Sabbatobhāgena pāpanā sampāpanā.

从各方面而恶口者为「极恶口」。

Ñ: All-round denigration is continual denigration.

Avaṇṇahārikāti evaṃ me avaṇṇabhayāpi dassatīti gehato gehaṃ gāmato gāmaṃ janapadato janapadaṃ avaṇṇaharaṇaṃ.

「恶宣传」，他以为『别人将会恐怖我的恶批评而布施我的』，于是从家至家，从村至村，从地方至地方的从事恶宣传。

Ñ: Tale-bearing is bearing tales from house to house, from village to village, from district to district, [thinking] 'So they will give to me out of fear of my bearing tales'.

Parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatāti purato madhuraṃ bhaṇitvā parammukhe avaṇṇabhāsitā. Esā hi abhimukhaṃ oloketuṃ asakkontassa parammukhānaṃ piṭṭhimaṃsaṃ khādanamiva hoti, tasmā parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatāti vuttā.

「阴口」，意为当面给以甜言蜜语，背后则恶意诋毁，犹如不见其面时，便吃他的背肉，故名阴口。

Ñ: Backbiting is speaking censoriously behind another's back after speaking kindly to his face; for this is like biting the flesh of another's back, when he is not looking, on the part of one who is unable to look him in the face; therefore it is called backbiting.

Ayaṃ vuccati nippesikatāti ayaṃ yasmā veḷupesikāya viya abbhaṅgaṃ parassa guṇaṃ nippeseti nipuñchati,

此等名为「瞋骂示相」，因为他刮去别人的善德，像用一竹片刮去身上所涂的膏药一样，

Ñ: This is called belittling (nippesikatā) because it scrapes off (nippeseti), wipes off, the virtuous qualities of others as a bamboo scraper (veḷupesikā) does unguent,

yasmā vā gandhajātaṃ nipisitvā gandhamagganā viya paraguṇe nipisitvā vicuṇṇetvā esā lābhamagganā hoti,

或如捣碎[dǎo suì]各种香料而求取香味，他以捣碎他人的善德而求取利益，

Ñ: or because it is a pursuit of gain by grinding (nippiṃsitvā) and pulverizing others' virtuous qualities, like the pursuit of perfume by grinding perfumed substances;

tasmā nippesikatāti vuccatīti.

故名瞋骂示相。

Ñ: that is why it is called belittling.